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Related Music Theory Alchemy

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The overall chord progression of “A Hard Days Night” by The Beatles fluctuates between major and minor keys which adds a level of emotional complexity to the song. The use of borrowed chords and unique transitions makes it a noteworthy piece in the realm of 20th-century popular music.

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“Penny Lane,” written by the Beatles, utilizes key changes and borrowed chords to create an interesting and complex tonal palette. The song is best understood to primarily be in the key of A Major; however, it frequently borrows chords from the parallel minor key, uses unexpected dominant chords, and briefly modulates to other key areas for color and variety. This is characteristic of several Beatles songs, and it’s one of the ways they added complexity to their music while still remaining accessible.

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“You Can’t Always Get What You Want” by The Rolling Stones is built around major tonality and uses direct and simple progressions. It also features what are known as additive chords (Gadd9) – chords to which notes are added beyond the common triad. The song commences in the key of G Major, indicated by the G, Gadd9, and C chords. These chords progress in an almost continual cyclical pattern across the verses. Here, the dominant chord (D) in the key of G Major is absent, which grants a tonal ambiguity to the song. Interestingly, the song takes a departure into a different key later on which will not be included in this analysis as it pertains to the Verse only.

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The chord progression in the verse of “Knights of Cydonia” by Muse features a mix of diatonic and borrowed chords, primarily from the G# minor and E major keys. The progression features an interesting blend of major and minor chords, chromatic movement, and modulation, contributing to the epic and powerful sound of the track.

“All You Need Is Love” is in the key of G major. The song primarily uses the chords within the key signature and has a relatively simple harmonic structure. However, the song does utilize a few distinct chord choices that contribute to its unique sonic character. The song applies modal interchange with an inclusion of A minor from the G Mixolydian mode and the D7 and D6 which evoke a hint of the D Mixolydian mode.

The Beatles – A Hard Days Night – Verse

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Chord Progression

[‘G’, ‘C’, ‘G’, ‘F’, ‘G’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘G’, ‘F’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘G’]

Chord Progression Analysis

“`
G Major (‘I’)
C Major (‘IV’)
G Major (‘I’)
F Major (‘♭VII’) – Borrowed from the parallel minor
G Major (‘I’)
G Major (‘I’)
C Major (‘IV’)
G Major (‘I’)
F Major (‘♭VII’) – Borrowed from the parallel minor
G Major (‘I’)
C Major (‘IV’)
D Major (‘V’)
G Major (‘I’)
C Major (‘IV’)
G Major (‘I’)
“`

Similar Chord Progressions

1. “Twist and Shout” (The Beatles)
“`
D Major (‘I’)
G Major (‘IV’)
A Major (‘V’)
D Major (‘I’)
“`
2. “Wild Thing” (The Troggs)
“`
A Major (‘I’)
D Major (‘IV’)
E Major (‘V’)
A Major (‘I’)
“`
3. “Three Little Birds” (Bob Marley)
“`
A Major (‘I’)
D Major (‘IV’)
E Major (‘V’)
A Major (‘I’)
“`

In the above progressions, the same I-IV-I-V pattern is used, but they don’t have the ‘bVII’ chord found in A Hard Day’s Night, making their transition smoother but perhaps not as distinctive or interesting.

Musical Analysis

The chord progression of “A Hard Day’s Night” verse plays around the I-IV chords with the addition of the ‘♭VII’ chord borrowed from the parallel minor of G major, which is G minor. This borrowing gives the song a distinctive, unexpected twist which is typically perceived as a key characteristic of Beatles’ songs, helping to give them an additional level of complexity.

Overall Analysis

“A Hard Day’s Night” by The Beatles, despite seeming to have a simple structure, is quite unique in its musical composition. The progression varies from standard rock, pop, and folk structure by integrating unique transitions and slightly unconventional chord choices.

Verse

Style Analysis

The Beatles, especially in their early years, often combined elements of rock-n-roll, British pop, and R&B, while ingeniously incorporating more unconventional elements into their songwriting. The ‘♭VII’ borrowed chord is a feature generally seen in blues music. Blues influence is observed in many Beatles songs, and this chord adds tension or surprise which soon resolves back to the tonic, creating a pleasurable musical experience.

Chords in the Verse section of A Hard Days Night by The Beatles are:

[‘G’, ‘C’, ‘G’, ‘F’, ‘G’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘G’, ‘F’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘G’]