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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Stairway to Heaven” is a well-known song by Led Zeppelin, released in 1971 on their untitled fourth album, which is often referred to as “Led Zeppelin IV” or “Zoso.” The song, composed by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant, is a complex piece with various sections and stylistic influences. The section under analysis, Bridge 2, is a chord progression that serves as a connecting passage between the more tranquil sections of the song and the harder, rock aspects that follow. The chords are built on diatonic and chromatic elements, showcasing the band’s skill in creating evocative harmonic progressions.

The outro of “Kashmir” by Led Zeppelin features a simple alternating chord progression between G major and A major, which creates tension by avoiding a resolution to the tonic or dominant chords. This makes the progression sound unstable, yet well defined as it repeats. The recurring ascending motion creates a sense of lift throughout the outro, while the lack of a true resolution maintains a feeling of unease. This progression is notable for its simplicity, as well as how it invokes a modal sound that is characteristic of the mixolydian mode often used in rock music.

This mid-section of “Kashmir” by Led Zeppelin features a mixolydian/modal feel, which is mostly characterized by the use of the bVII chord (D major). The chord progression primarily revolves around a simple G and A alternation, which manifests an ♭II chord (A Major) borrowed from the Phrygian mode. Following this alternation, the chord progression ascends through a series of major chords before resolving back to A Major.

The interlude of Weezer’s “Island in the Sun” is in the key of G Major, and features a four-chord progression that repeats itself twice (Em-Am-D-G). The sequence follows a vi-ii-V-I progression, which is a very common progression in pop and rock music.

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This is a simple and common chord progression often known as “four chords” used often in pop and rock music. The song is in G Major and the progression has a I-V-vi-IV pattern.

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Kashmir

Song

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“Kashmir” by Led Zeppelin is a classic rock song that is well-known for its distinctive and mysterious sound. This interlude, in particular, creates a sense of tension and resolution through its simple but effective chord progression. The overall harmonic structure is built on a modal mixture, drawing from both the major and minor modes, which contributes to its unique atmosphere.

This mid-section of “Kashmir” by Led Zeppelin features a mixolydian/modal feel, which is mostly characterized by the use of the bVII chord (D major). The chord progression primarily revolves around a simple G and A alternation, which manifests an ♭II chord (A Major) borrowed from the Phrygian mode. Following this alternation, the chord progression ascends through a series of major chords before resolving back to A Major.

The outro of “Kashmir” by Led Zeppelin features a simple alternating chord progression between G major and A major, which creates tension by avoiding a resolution to the tonic or dominant chords. This makes the progression sound unstable, yet well defined as it repeats. The recurring ascending motion creates a sense of lift throughout the outro, while the lack of a true resolution maintains a feeling of unease. This progression is notable for its simplicity, as well as how it invokes a modal sound that is characteristic of the mixolydian mode often used in rock music.

“Kashmir” is often regarded as one of Led Zeppelin’s greatest creations, featuring a unique chord progression, distinctive rhythmic patterns, and a fusion of Eastern and Western musical elements. Composed in DADGAD tuning, the song is in the key of D Mixolydian and reflects the band’s experimental approach to songwriting and genre-blending. Although the chord progression may be seen as unconventional in rock music, it is effective in establishing a hypnotic and evocative atmosphere.

The chord progression found in “Kashmir” by Led Zeppelin is a typical example of their unique approach to harmonic movement and compositional ideas. It features a blend of chords from different keys, creating a sense of tonal ambiguity which is a recurring theme in the band’s music. The piece also incorporates elements of Eastern and Western sounds, adding to the distinctiveness of their music.