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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Hey Jude,” written by The Beatles, charts a classic journey from tonic to dominant, with a detour through the subdominant and the minor dominant. It starts with a D chord (I), moves onto A (V), then A7 (V7) and back to D (I). The interlude features the progression D (I) – D7 (I7) – A7 (V7). This clever progression creates a momentary modulation to the key of G with the D7 chord, creating an interesting harmonic shift.

“I Am The Walrus” is a composition by The Beatles that showcases a variety of chord progressions, rhythmic sensibilities, and melodic explorations that are representative of their signature sound. The song’s structure presents a complex and unorthodox harmonic design that is characteristic of The Beatles’ later experimental phase.

The pre-chorus 1 [‘A’, ‘A/G’, ‘Dadd9/F#’, ‘F’, ‘G’, ‘A’, ‘A/G’, ‘F’, ‘B7’] presents a series of descending bass notes provided by the root movement of these chords- from A to G (in ‘A/G’) to F# (in ‘Dadd9/F#’) and then repeated. This technique significantly enhances the melodic content of this progression. From a stylistic perspective, the song’s chord progression is enriched by the functional interplay of diatonic and non-diatonic elements over a changing tonal landscape.

“Wild Horses” by The Rolling Stones is a rock ballad with a minor tonality and is composed in the key of G major. The song incorporates the use of modal interchange, more commonly referred to as borrowed chords, from the parallel minor. This common technique in rock music contributes to the melancholic and emotionally resonant feeling of the song.

“Kiss” is a funk, synthpop song written, produced and performed by Prince. The song’s structure runs around a simple, repeated two-bar eight-note pattern, but what’s odd is the song’s key. Dotting between E and D, it’s hard to pin down definitively, but the song seems to be written in the ambiguous key of E Mixolydian/D major.

“Heartbreaker” by The Rolling Stones is a rock song that exhibits some fundamental rock and blues progressions and chord changes. The chorus of the song is a three-chord progression [E, G, C] that repeats four times.

The Beatles – Hey Jude – Chorus

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Chord Progression

[‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘A7’, ‘D’, ‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘A7’, ‘D’]

Chord Progression Analysis

“`
D Dominant 7th (V7 of IV), G
major (IV),
B minor (vi),
E minor (ii),
G major (IV),
A dominant 7th (V7),
D major (I),
D dominant 7th (V7 of IV),
G major (IV),
B minor (vi),
E minor (ii),
G major (IV),
A dominant 7th (V7),
D major (I)
“`

Borrowed chords: [‘D7’, ‘A7’]

Similar Chord Progressions

The Rolling Stones’ anthem “You Can’t Always Get What You Want” deploys a similar progression.
Chords: [‘C’, ‘F’, ‘D’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘C’, ‘F’, ‘D’]
“`
C Major (I),
F Major (IV),
D minor (ii),
G major (V),
C Major (I),
C Major (I),
F Major (IV),
D minor (ii)
“`

Brian Wilson’s “God Only Knows” from the Beach Boys also uses this technique of mixing major and minor keys.
Chords: [‘A’, ‘F#m’, ‘Bm’, ‘G’, ‘Gm’, ‘D’, ‘E7’, ‘A’]
“`
A Major (I),
F# minor (vi),
B minor (ii),
G Major (IV of IV, borrowed chord),
G minor (iv of IV, borrowed chord),
D Major (IV), E dominant 7th (V7),
A Major (I)
“`
Borrowed Chords: [‘G’, ‘Gm’]

Musical Analysis

Notably, the tune frequently switches to the IV (four) chord of G major and the V7 (five-seven) of A dominant 7th, creating a unique major/minor interplay, common in many rock and folk songs.

Overall Analysis

“Hey Jude” goes through a clear progression, switching through the keys of D major, A major and G major. Like many Beatles songs, it cleverly varies between these keys in keeping with the melody and mood of the piece. The complexity of this progression is part of the song’s charm and helps exemplifies the band’s creative approach to composition.

Style Analysis

“Hey Jude” is known for its anthemic, singalong style, bolstered by the repetitive but emotionally resonant chord progression. The progression’s simple repetition and strong resolution (from the V7 to the I) lends the song a hopeful, uplifting atmosphere.

Chords in the Chorus section of Hey Jude by The Beatles are:

[‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘A7’, ‘D’, ‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘A7’, ‘D’]