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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Goodbye Blue Sky” is a song by Pink Floyd from their 1979 album “The Wall.” It is a progressive rock piece with acoustic guitar and vocal harmony that creates a haunting and atmospheric sound. The chord progression in Verse 2 demonstrates the use of non-diatonic chords, pedal tones, and borrowed chords, giving it a sense of tension and release. This unique combination of chords contributes to the overall distinctive mood of the song.

“Comfortably Numb” is a song by Pink Floyd from their 1979 album, The Wall. It is written in the key of D major and has a slow, dreamy tempo. The second verse of the song features a chord progression that is a blend of major and minor chords, giving the song a sense of melancholy mixed with a calming atmosphere. It also deviates from the typical pop/rock chord progressions, signifying Pink Floyd’s distinct sound and innovative use of harmony.

“Closer” by Nine Inch Nails is a song in the key of B minor, although it freely borrows chords from the parallel major key. The song’s structure is as follows: Verse – Pre-Chorus – Chorus – Verse – Pre-Chorus – Chorus – Bridge – Chorus – Instrumental.

The chorus of Taylor Swift’s “Anti-Hero” utilizes a chord progression that elevates the song’s emotional resonance, serving as a climactic counterpart to the reflective verses. This section combines lush harmonies with straightforward pop sensibilities, creating a poignant and memorable musical moment that aligns with the song’s thematic exploration of self-awareness and complexity.

Muse’s “Can’t Take My Eyes Off You” is a rock interpretation of the classic 1967 pop song “Can’t Take My Eyes Off You” by Frankie Valli, which has been covered by various artists in different styles. The chord progression of the chorus is characterized by a series of diatonic chords, predominant in Western pop music. This progression follows a typical 1950’s “doowop” pattern present in countless pop and rock songs, utilizing the familiar circle of fourths movement (Dm-G-C) and establishing a straightforward harmonic rhythm.

Chord Progression Analysis with Roman Numerals (borrowed chords in code block):

D minor (iv) – G major (VII) – C major (I) – A minor (vi) – D minor (iv) – G major (VII) – C major (I) – A major (V/vi) – D minor (iv) – G major (VII) – C major (I) – A minor (vi) – D minor (iv) – G major (VII) – C major 7 (Imaj7) – C7 (I7) – C6 (I6) – C major (I) – Ab major (*bVI) – C major (I)

`* Ab major (bVI) is a borrowed chord from the parallel minor key (C minor).`

Pink Floyd – Goodbye Blue Sky – Chorus

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Chord Progression

Am, B/A, Am, B/A, Am, B

Chord Progression Analysis

Am (i), B/A (bII/A), Am (i), B/A (bII/A), Am (i), B (N)

Borrowed Chord:
`B/A (bII/A)`

Similar Chord Progressions

1. Radiohead – “Exit Music (For a Film)”
Progression: Am (i), B/Am7 (bII), Am (i), B/Am (bII), Am (i)

In Radiohead’s “Exit Music (For a Film),” a similar progression is used, alternating between Am and the borrowed B/Am7 chords, which also provides a Phrygian-like feel.

2. The Beatles – “Julia”
Progression: C (I), Dm/C (ii/C), C (I), D/C (II/C), C (I)

The Beatles’ “Julia” follows a similar approach, using neighboring chords around the tonic (C), with a borrowed major chord on the supertonic (D/C). While in a major key, this progression also achieves a sense of unresolved tension.

These examples illustrate the use of borrowed chords and chromaticism in popular music, highlighting the potential for evocative emotion and tension through harmonic choice.

Musical Analysis

The chorus of “Goodbye Blue Sky” features a recurring chromatic movement achieved through the use of the borrowed chord B/A, which is a major chord built on the flat second degree of the A minor scale. The B/A chord creates tension through its dissonant relationship with the surrounding A minor chords. The progression starts and ends on the tonic Am chord, creating a sense of melancholic restlessness.

The alternating B/A in this progression creates a Phrygian quality, as the b2 (B) is a characteristic note of the Phrygian mode. The non-diatonic neighboring major chord (B) at the end of the progression provides an unexpected shift in harmony creating additional tension, which is eventually resolved when the song returns to the verse.

Overall Analysis

“Goodbye Blue Sky” is a song by Pink Floyd from their 1979 album, “The Wall.” It is known for its haunting, ethereal quality, achieved through the use of predominantly minor chords, lush harmonies, and a slow, atmospheric tempo. The song’s lyrics and melancholic mood reflect feelings of loss and desolation.

Style Analysis

The chord progression of “Goodbye Blue Sky” showcases Pink Floyd’s penchant for incorporating modal and chromatic elements within their music. Borrowed chords and non-diatonic harmonic choices are commonplace in their work, contributing to the unique, emotive sound that has defined the band. This particular progression, with its somber tone and slow tempo, is reflective of the overall concept of “The Wall” album, which delves deep into themes of isolation and emotional turmoil.

Chords in the Chorus section of Goodbye Blue Sky by Pink Floyd are:

Am, B/A, Am, B/A, Am, B