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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Eleanor Rigby’” is a song by The Beatles, released on their 1966 album “Revolver”. Being unusually somber and profound for a pop song, it showcases The Beatles’ expanding musical palette and their desire to move past the conventional parameters of popular music at the time. The song itself is crafted entirely around the key of E minor, with only occasional diversions to the IV chord (C Major). It strongly exhibits the use of Aeolian mode (commonly known as the ‘natural’ minor) and employs string quartet instrumentation, a unique stylistic pattern at that time.

“The Long And Winding Road” by The Beatles presents us with a classic example of their innovative approach to harmony and composition. Drawing from various sources of influence, the song incorporates elements of traditional pop ballad form with a hint of the Baroque harmonic palette. This song is an excellent study in complex harmony and modulation within a pop music context, a trait that underpins much of The Beatles’ later work.

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“Castles Made of Sand” by Jimi Hendrix is a psychedelic rock song characterized by various compositional techniques including chromaticism, borrowed chords, and unexpected chord progressions. The harmonic choices show Hendrix’s innovation as a songwriter, with influences of blues, rock, and jazz. The chord progression in Verse 3 mixes diatonic and non-diatonic chords, creating a sense of tension and release throughout the progression.

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“Start Me Up” by The Rolling Stones is structured in a key of D Major, and the song largely follows a I-IV-V chord progression, which is a staple in many genres, especially in blues and rock music. The progression is known for its simple, catchy, and resolved sounds.

“I Want To Hold Your Hand” by The Beatles is one of the band’s early hits noted for its crafty melodic hooks and harmonic structure attesting to their evolving musical sophistication. The chord progression of Verse 3 is a great reflection of this, using classic pop songwriting techniques such as the predominant use of I, IV and V chords along with a borrowed chord from another mode, that add to the emotional depth of the song.

The Beatles – Eleanor Rigby – Verse 3

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Chord Progression

[‘Em’, ‘C’, ‘C’, ‘Em’, ‘Em’, ‘C’, ‘C’, ‘Em’]

Chord Progression Analysis

The verse 3 uses a repetitive I-♭VI-I sequence with an overall key of E minor.

“`
E minor (‘I’)
C major (‘♭VI’)

E minor (‘I’)
C major (‘♭VI’)

E minor (‘I’)
C major (‘♭VI’)

E minor (‘I’)
C major (‘♭VI’)
“`

Similar Chord Progressions

1. “All Along The Watchtower” by Bob Dylan also oscillates between two chords (Am and G) which creates a feeling of tension and unease.

“`
A minor (‘I’)
G major (‘♭VII’)

A minor (‘I’)
G major (‘♭VII’)

A minor (‘I’)
G major (‘♭VII’)

A minor (‘I’)
G major (‘♭VII’)
“`

2. “With or Without You” by U2 has a chord progression of D – A – Bm – G, repeating throughout the song, a technique called an ostinato.

“`
D major (‘I’)
A major (‘V’)
B minor (‘vi’)
G major (‘IV’)
“`

Musical Analysis

The Em chord gives a melancholic and dark feeling while the C chord provides some relief with a relatively more uplifting tone. However, the rapid alternation between these two chords imparts an overall feeling of complexity and melancholy which is in line with the song’s lyrical content about loneliness and isolation.

Overall Analysis

“Eleanor Rigby” is known for its unusual and innovative use of the Aeolian mode, otherwise known as the natural minor scale, which is reflected in the chord progression Em – C. The song incorporates string arrangements and has a narrative, storytelling style. Unlike most pop and rock songs of the time, it does not contain drums or guitars. The chord utilization is simple with only two chords used throughout, Em and C, but it nevertheless creates a unique and haunting soundscape.

Style Analysis

“Eleanor Rigby” demonstrates an innovative use of the Aeolian mode in pop music. Its emotive use of strings and the two-chord progression successfully conveys a melancholic atmosphere. The song doesn’t have a traditional chorus and is more similar to classical compositions or folk storytelling. The Beatles’ ability to create a unique musical landscape with simple chords illustrates their pioneering genius in songwriting.

Chords in the Verse 3 section of Eleanor Rigby by The Beatles are:

[‘Em’, ‘C’, ‘C’, ‘Em’, ‘Em’, ‘C’, ‘C’, ‘Em’]