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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Penny Lane” by The Beatles is a pop rock song released in 1967. Musically, the track displays characteristics of the “Baroque pop” style combine with psychedelic pop. The composition is multifaceted with complex chord progressions inspired by classical music, as well as elements of the British music hall style, specifically brass band influences throughout.

The song is in the key of A Major and it makes some interesting use of borrowed chords and modulations. The arrangement of the song is fairly typical rock/pop with a verse-chorus-bridge structure. The bridge utilizes a modulation to the relative minor key, F# minor.

** The chord progression in Verse 3 of Radiohead’s “Fake Plastic Trees” is a combination of diatonic and non-diatonic chords in the key of A major, featuring the use of suspended chords, 9th chords, and 6th chords. The progression has a tonally ambiguous and ethereal quality, which is characteristic of Radiohead’s style.

**

The chord progression of the given segment from Muse’s “Apocalypse Please” reflects the band’s signature blend of rock, electronic, and classical music. The progression is in the key of F# minor and features some chromaticism and modal mixture, which is quite common in their style of music. The harmonic rhythm is mostly consistent, and the chords utilized provide a strong sense of direction and resolution throughout the verse.

“Since I’ve Been Loving You” is a blues-influenced rock ballad by Led Zeppelin. Its chord progression showcases the band’s eclectic mix of blues, rock, and jazz influences. The progression is characterized by a mix of diatonic and chromatically altered chords, reflecting a sophisticated understanding of harmony and emotional depth that is typical of Led Zeppelin’s music.

The Beatles – Penny Lane – Verse 3

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Chord Progression

[‘A’, ‘F#m’, ‘Bm’, ‘E7’, ‘A’, ‘F#m’, ‘Am’, ‘F’, ‘E7’]

Chord Progression Analysis

“`
Verse 3:
A Major (I)
F# minor (vi)
B minor (ii)
E7 (V7)
A Major (I)
F# minor (vi)
A minor (borrowed iv chord from parallel minor)
F Major (borrowed flat VI chord from parallel minor)
E7 (V7)
“`

The progression starts with the I-vi-ii-V7, a common cadence in pop music. Following this, it repeats the I-vi before introducing the A minor and the F major chords, borrowed from A minor, which is the parallel minor of A Major. E7 then acts as the dominant, leading to next key area.

Similar Chord Progressions

There are countless songs throughout pop history that use similar songwriting devices, however, few songs use these techniques with the finesse of The Beatles. For example:

– “Creep” by Radiohead also uses the borrowed flat Major chord from the parallel minor key.
“`
Chord progression:
G Major (I)
B Major (Borrowed III from parallel minor)
C Major (IV)
C minor (iv)
“`

– “Hotel California” by The Eagles uses borrowed chords, it progresses from a major key to a minor key.
“`
Chord progression:
B minor (i)
F# (V)
A Major (VII)
E Major (IV)
G Major (VI)
D Major (III)
Em (v)
F# (V)
“`

– “God Only Knows” by The Beach Boys, being a baroque pop, utilizes similar key changes and complex chord progressions.
“`
Chord progression:
A Major (I)
Bm (ii)
C#m (iii)
D Major (IV)
Dm (iv)
A Major (I)
“`

Musical Analysis

The Beatles apply advanced songwriting techniques. Interestingly, they move from the relative minor (F# minor) to the minor iv (Am) – a borrowed chord from the parallel minor (A minor) which infuses a little bit of melancholy into the melody. This is then followed by an F Major chord, another borrowed chord which provides a jazzy and bluesy touch to the song.

Overall Analysis

“Penny Lane” by The Beatles is an eclectic and elegant piece of music evident in its rhythm, harmony, melody, and lyrics. It is predominantly in the key of A Major, but it has several key changes and introduces chords that are non-diatonic, giving it a progressive and unexpected feel.

Style Analysis

“Penny Lane” reflects the pop, rock, and baroque-pop style of The Beatles. The lush melody, counterpoint-like writing, and secondary dominant chords reflect baroque music and early music influence. The use of borrowed chords also reflects the broader influence of jazz and blues on The Beatles.

Chords in the Verse 3 section of Penny Lane by The Beatles are:

[‘A’, ‘F#m’, ‘Bm’, ‘E7’, ‘A’, ‘F#m’, ‘Am’, ‘F’, ‘E7’]