Music Theory Alchemy

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** “Girl” is a song by The Beatles from their 1965 album “Rubber Soul”. The song is written in the key of E minor and it showcases the band’s ability to incorporate non-diatsubject resorting to non-diatonic progressions and utilizes various seventh chords to establish a more sophisticated and jazzy soundid progression. It’s important to note their use of the Dorian mode, which adds to the melodic and harmonic sophistication of the song. Moreover, the song exhibits the lyrical and songwriting depth of The Beatles.

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“Maxwell’s Silver Hammer” by The Beatles is a track that showcases the band’s fondness for creating complex and textured compositions by combining multiple melody lines with innovative chord sequences in a pop rock context. It features numerous musical styles, including pop, rock, and music hall, which reflects the band’s eclectic musical influences. The Coda of the song takes place in the key of D major.

“The Long And Winding Road” by The Beatles presents us with a classic example of their innovative approach to harmony and composition. Drawing from various sources of influence, the song incorporates elements of traditional pop ballad form with a hint of the Baroque harmonic palette. This song is an excellent study in complex harmony and modulation within a pop music context, a trait that underpins much of The Beatles’ later work.

The chord progression in the bridge of “Hey You” by Pink Floyd is a relatively simple progression that revolves around the C Major and G Major chords, with brief appearances of D Major and E minor add9 chords. The piece showcases Pink Floyd’s signature progressive rock style, with steady changes between chords and a sense of tension and release.

“Weezer – Island In The Sun (Bridge)” is a relatively simple yet melodically impactful chord progression that utilizes a mixture of major and minor chords. The song is in the key of G major, and the bridge follows a (V – I) D-G progression initially, before moving to the IV (C) and ii (Am) chords. The harmonic rhythm of the bridge creates a sense of resolution and adds emotional depth to the song.

The Beatles – Girl – Bridge

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Chord Progression

Em, B, Em, B, Em, B, Em, G

Chord Progression Analysis

`’Em’ (iii), ‘B’ (VI), ‘Em’ (iii), ‘B’ (VI), ‘Em’ (iii), ‘B’ (VI), ‘Em’ (iii), ‘G’ (V)`

Here’s the analysis of the bridge:

Em is the iii chord in the key of B minor.
B is the VI chord in B minor, borrowed from B major through modal interchange.
G is the V chord in B minor, borrowed again from B major – this is a common chord to borrow as it can lead back to the tonic nicely.

Similar Chord Progressions

A similar piece with borrowed chords can be found in the Beatles’ own song, “Yesterday”. The chord progression in “Yesterday” is similar in that it has a key shift borrowing chords from its parallel major key. The progression in “Yesterday” is often written as `’F’ (I), ‘Em7’ (vii), ‘A7’ (III), ‘Dm’ (vi)`.

Radiohead’s “Paranoid Android” also employs a similar technique, where the chord of Bb acts as the borrowed chord from the parallel major in the midst of what is primarily an F song. This progression typically looks like `’F’ (I), ‘G’ (II), ‘Ab’ (IIIb), ‘Bb’ (IV)`.

Musical Analysis

The bridge in “Girl” consists of a iii-VI-iii-VI progression followed by a iii-V progression. This progression involves the heavy use of the minor iii chord, which creates a deeply melancholic mood compared to other minor chords, which can convey a more dramatic or intense emotional tone. The back-and-forth music efficiently balances the melancholic iii chord with the lighter and more optimistic major VI chord. The Beatles often utilize this balance between major and minor throughout their music. In addition, interval jumps from iii to VI and then to V also make the bridge sound interesting and less predictable.

Overall Analysis

“Girl” by The Beatles is a classic example of their use of chromatic harmony and modal interchange. The chord progression shows complexity in both its chord choices and structure, a distinguishing feature in much of their music. By closely examining this piece, we can better understand The Beatles’ harmonic technique where they blend the techniques of classical music (like chromaticism and harmonic diversity) with pop songwriting.

Style Analysis

The Beatles frequently used chromaticism and borrowed chords in their music, and “Girl” is no exception. The VI and V chords are borrowed from the parallel major key, a technique characteristic of modal interchange. This harmonic language is common to both pop and classical music, and The Beatles mastered this technique. The sharp key changes and juxtaposition of major and minor chords help to create the tension and resolution that make their music meaningful and appealing.

Chords in the Bridge section of Girl by The Beatles are:

Em, B, Em, B, Em, B, Em, G