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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“And I Love Her” by The Beatles is predominantly set within the key of F# minor. Apart from the chorus that momentarily modulates to the key of D minor, the verses embrace a darker, melancholic atmosphere portrayed by the minor keys. The tonal structure and chord progressions in the song are reflective of the band’s exploration of intricate harmonies, going beyond the simple three-chord structures of many contemporary pop songs of the time.

The song “Penny Lane” written by the Beatles is in the key of A major. The structure of Verse 4, specifically, has a very effective use of both diatonic (belonging naturally to the key) and borrowed chords (taken from a different key or mode). They have incorporated secondary dominants, pivot modulation, and modal interchange which reflect their knowledge of musical theory and compositional skills.

Muse’s “New Born” is a rock composition with progressive and alternative elements. The harmonic structure is simple, making use of common chords and progressions. In the given chord progression from Verse 3, there is a sense of tension and release between the major and minor chords, creating a sense of dynamics and urgency. The chord progression itself is repetitive, with subtle variations added to keep interest.

“Yesterday” is predominantly composed in the key of F Major. The song is a classic in pop songwriting and showcases the effective use of borrowed chords to capture a unique, nostalgic sound that has made it one of the most covered songs in pop music. Specifically, in this verse, the use of secondary dominants and borrowed chords from the parallel minor key provides the song’s distinctive tonal color.

“Viva la Vida” by Coldplay is predominantly in the key of G Major, and the main chord progression is a four-chord loop: C, D, G, Em, which repeats throughout the song. The chord progression creates a highly emotional, triumphant atmosphere which reflects the lyrics and overall theme of the song. The use of the B minor chord, the flattened third, later in the song adds some depth and complexity to the harmonic structure and provides a relief from the repetition of the main progression.

The Beatles – And I Love Her – Verse 3

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Chord Progression

[‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘A’, ‘B7’, ‘E6’]

Chord Progression Analysis

– F#m (‘ii’)
– C#m (‘vi’)
– F#m (‘ii’)
– C#m (‘vi’)
– F#m (‘ii’)
– C#m (‘vi’)
– A (‘IV’)
– B7 (‘V7’)
– E6 (‘I6’)

Borrowed Chord: `E6 (‘I6’)`

Similar Chord Progressions

– “Every Breath You Take” by The Police: Em, C, D, G (‘vi-IV-V-I’).
– “With or Without You” by U2: D, A, Bm, G (‘I-V-vi-IV’).
This includes the similar use of diatonic chords and a major tonality, although the cycle of movements are different.
– “I Don’t Want to Miss a Thing” by Aerosmith: D, E, Bm, G (‘I-II-vi-IV’).
This progression is somewhat similar although it begins with the tonic chord and features a major II chord before moving to the vi chord.

These progressions were chosen due to their similar use of diatonic chords in major keys and the movement patterns. Although not identical, they share the common theme of incorporating non-diatonic chords and/or unexpected chord movements.

Musical Analysis

The song starts in the minor mode, and the use of mediant relationships between chords F#m and C#m help create a haunting and melancholic mood. This technique is one that is often associated with classical compositions, and is not as common in popular music. This passage leads into the A Major chord, adding a touch of brightness before leading into the perfect cadence of B7 to E, providing a sense of resolution.

Interestingly, the song ends on an E6, a borrowed chord from the parallel minor, which gives a subtly ‘unfinished’ feeling. This could be seen as a reflection of the unending nature of love expressed in the song’s lyrics.

Overall Analysis

“And I Love Her” is a masterful composition by The Beatles that beautifully demonstrates their ability to mix pop songwriting with complexities of harmonic journey. The song is in the key of E Major, which is unique for being a popular song written by the Beatles in a major key. The main repeating chord progression of the Verse 3 is a progression that modulates between F# minor (the relative minor of A Major, which is the subdominant of E Major), and C# minor (the relative minor of E Major, the original key). The progression’s use of E6 at the end, which is a borrowed chord from the parallel minor (E minor), adds a unique flavor of sixth interval. Finally, it concludes on E6, a somewhat uncommon way to ground a song within a major key.

Style Analysis

“And I Love Her” is a perfect example of The Beatles’ knack for utilizing sophisticated harmonic structures within the pop genre. The use of ii-vi-IV-V7-I progression, which is closely aligned to a typical cycle of fifths found in jazz, demonstrates the Beatles’ diverse range of influences.

Chords in the Verse 3 section of And I Love Her by The Beatles are:

[‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘A’, ‘B7’, ‘E6’]