Music Theory Alchemy

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“And I Love Her” is a masterful composition by The Beatles that beautifully demonstrates their ability to mix pop songwriting with complexities of harmonic journey. The song is in the key of E Major, which is unique for being a popular song written by the Beatles in a major key. The main repeating chord progression of the Verse 3 is a progression that modulates between F# minor (the relative minor of A Major, which is the subdominant of E Major), and C# minor (the relative minor of E Major, the original key). The progression’s use of E6 at the end, which is a borrowed chord from the parallel minor (E minor), adds a unique flavor of sixth interval. Finally, it concludes on E6, a somewhat uncommon way to ground a song within a major key.

“All You Need Is Love” is in the key of G major. The song primarily uses the chords within the key signature and has a relatively simple harmonic structure. However, the song does utilize a few distinct chord choices that contribute to its unique sonic character. The song applies modal interchange with an inclusion of A minor from the G Mixolydian mode and the D7 and D6 which evoke a hint of the D Mixolydian mode.

“Brown Sugar” by The Rolling Stones is a rock song in the key of C major. The chord progression is simple and effective, reflecting the band’s blues and rock ‘n’ roll influences. The overall structure includes three verses with the same chord progression.

The chord progression in the verse 2 of Beck’s “Morning” is an example of a common progression in popular music, involving the I, IV, iii, and ii chords. The harmony is mostly diatonic, staying within the key of E major. The progression features regular 4-chord phrases and a smooth, consonant flow between chords.

“Stairway to Heaven” by Led Zeppelin is a classic and iconic rock song released in 1971, as part of their fourth studio album, Led Zeppelin IV. The song is considered one of the greatest rock songs of all time, featuring an intricate chord progression, a memorable melody, and folk-inspired acoustic guitar work. The verse you provided is the second verse of the song, which shares a similar, but not identical chord progression to the other verses. The song is in the key of A minor, and the chord progression showcases a mix of diatonic and borrowed chords, along with a couple of chromatic alterations.

The Beatles – And I Love Her – Verse 2

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Chord Progression

[‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘A’, ‘B7’, ‘E6’]

Chord Progression Analysis

The specific progression for Verse 2, [‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘A’, ‘B7’, ‘E6’], can be analyzed like this:

“`
F# minor (‘i’)
C# minor (‘v’)
F# minor (‘i’)
C# minor (‘v’)
F# minor (‘i’)
C# minor (‘v’)
A major (‘VI’)
B7 major (‘V7’)
E6 major (‘II6’)
“`
Note: The ‘VI’ and ‘II6’ chords are borrowed from the parallel major key (F# major), which is a common technique used in popular music to bring color and variety to a song’s harmonic landscape.

Similar Chord Progressions

1. “Hotel California” by The Eagles also employs a similar technique of using a succession of minor chords with a surprising major chord to create a distinctive mood.

“`
B minor (‘i’)
F# major (‘V’)
A major (‘VII’)
E major (‘IV’)
G major (‘VI’)
D major (‘III’)
Em (‘v’)
“`
2. “Stairway to Heaven” by Led Zeppelin presents another similar chord progression in its verses:

“`
A minor (‘i’)
G major (‘VII’)
A minor (‘i’)
G major (‘VII’)
“`

These artists, like The Beatles, have made iconic impacts on popular music with their innovative uses of harmonic structure.

Musical Analysis

The music of “And I Love Her” utilizes repetition and subtle variation to engage the listener. The verses consist of a repeating i-v progression, establishing a sense of melancholy and longing. This is then broken up by the surprising major VI and V7 chords, which bring a brief, brighter feel to the music before resolving to the II6, reestablishing the minor tonality of the song. The consistent rhythmic pattern throughout the song is also an essential characteristic, with its distinctive 8th-note down strums, which contributes to its iconic sound.

Overall Analysis

“And I Love Her” by The Beatles is predominantly set within the key of F# minor. Apart from the chorus that momentarily modulates to the key of D minor, the verses embrace a darker, melancholic atmosphere portrayed by the minor keys. The tonal structure and chord progressions in the song are reflective of the band’s exploration of intricate harmonies, going beyond the simple three-chord structures of many contemporary pop songs of the time.

Style Analysis

The use of complex chord progressions and harmonic explorations is a definitive characteristic of The Beatles, particularly in their later works, and “And I Love Her” is a strong example of this. Borrowed chords are used for emotional impact and the unconventional conclusion on the II6 chord leaves the listener longing for resolution, a feeling which aligns with the song’s lyrical themes.

Chords in the Verse 2 section of And I Love Her by The Beatles are:

[‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘A’, ‘B7’, ‘E6’]