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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“And I Love Her” is a masterful composition by The Beatles that beautifully demonstrates their ability to mix pop songwriting with complexities of harmonic journey. The song is in the key of E Major, which is unique for being a popular song written by the Beatles in a major key. The main repeating chord progression of the Verse 3 is a progression that modulates between F# minor (the relative minor of A Major, which is the subdominant of E Major), and C# minor (the relative minor of E Major, the original key). The progression’s use of E6 at the end, which is a borrowed chord from the parallel minor (E minor), adds a unique flavor of sixth interval. Finally, it concludes on E6, a somewhat uncommon way to ground a song within a major key.

“All My Loving” by The Beatles is a mid-tempo pop song written in the key of E minor for the verse and D Major for the bridge and outro, featuring a distinct, upbeat walking bassline. The grey, almost mournful verses, along with the brighter, major-toned bridges and chorus, create a juxtaposition of feelings within the piece. The bridge also highlights The Beatles’ use of secondary dominants and chromaticism. Concluding in the tonic key of D Major, the song has an interesting interplay between Em and D Major throughout, which could be perceived as a Em: i, VI, III, II and D: vi, V7, I, vi, IV, ii, I progression.

“Stairway to Heaven” by Led Zeppelin is a classic and iconic rock song released in 1971, as part of their fourth studio album, Led Zeppelin IV. The song is considered one of the greatest rock songs of all time, featuring an intricate chord progression, a memorable melody, and folk-inspired acoustic guitar work. The verse you provided is the second verse of the song, which shares a similar, but not identical chord progression to the other verses. The song is in the key of A minor, and the chord progression showcases a mix of diatonic and borrowed chords, along with a couple of chromatic alterations.

“Brown Sugar” by The Rolling Stones, off their 1971 album Sticky Fingers, is in the key of C major, and primarily uses the chords C, F, G and Bb. This song showcases the band’s blues rock influences, built on a repetitive, riff-driven chord progression. The use of I, IV, V, and a borrowed bVII (Bb), which is common in the blues, creates an appealing and familiar sound, helping the song resonate with listeners.

“Love of My Life” is a stunning ballad written by Freddie Mercury of Queen. The song is written in the key of A major and is primarily played on piano. It features a sophisticated and somewhat unconventional chord progression that serves as the foundation for Mercury’s versatile vocal performance. It’s arguably one of Queen’s more classical-influenced pieces and makes use of borrowed chord techniques frequently, which are commonly associated with the band’s flirtation with different musical styles, including rock, classical, and opera.

The Beatles – And I Love Her – Verse 2

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Chord Progression

[‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘A’, ‘B7’, ‘E6’]

Chord Progression Analysis

The specific progression for Verse 2, [‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘A’, ‘B7’, ‘E6’], can be analyzed like this:

“`
F# minor (‘i’)
C# minor (‘v’)
F# minor (‘i’)
C# minor (‘v’)
F# minor (‘i’)
C# minor (‘v’)
A major (‘VI’)
B7 major (‘V7’)
E6 major (‘II6’)
“`
Note: The ‘VI’ and ‘II6’ chords are borrowed from the parallel major key (F# major), which is a common technique used in popular music to bring color and variety to a song’s harmonic landscape.

Similar Chord Progressions

1. “Hotel California” by The Eagles also employs a similar technique of using a succession of minor chords with a surprising major chord to create a distinctive mood.

“`
B minor (‘i’)
F# major (‘V’)
A major (‘VII’)
E major (‘IV’)
G major (‘VI’)
D major (‘III’)
Em (‘v’)
“`
2. “Stairway to Heaven” by Led Zeppelin presents another similar chord progression in its verses:

“`
A minor (‘i’)
G major (‘VII’)
A minor (‘i’)
G major (‘VII’)
“`

These artists, like The Beatles, have made iconic impacts on popular music with their innovative uses of harmonic structure.

Musical Analysis

The music of “And I Love Her” utilizes repetition and subtle variation to engage the listener. The verses consist of a repeating i-v progression, establishing a sense of melancholy and longing. This is then broken up by the surprising major VI and V7 chords, which bring a brief, brighter feel to the music before resolving to the II6, reestablishing the minor tonality of the song. The consistent rhythmic pattern throughout the song is also an essential characteristic, with its distinctive 8th-note down strums, which contributes to its iconic sound.

Overall Analysis

“And I Love Her” by The Beatles is predominantly set within the key of F# minor. Apart from the chorus that momentarily modulates to the key of D minor, the verses embrace a darker, melancholic atmosphere portrayed by the minor keys. The tonal structure and chord progressions in the song are reflective of the band’s exploration of intricate harmonies, going beyond the simple three-chord structures of many contemporary pop songs of the time.

Style Analysis

The use of complex chord progressions and harmonic explorations is a definitive characteristic of The Beatles, particularly in their later works, and “And I Love Her” is a strong example of this. Borrowed chords are used for emotional impact and the unconventional conclusion on the II6 chord leaves the listener longing for resolution, a feeling which aligns with the song’s lyrical themes.

Chords in the Verse 2 section of And I Love Her by The Beatles are:

[‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘A’, ‘B7’, ‘E6’]