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“God Only Knows” by The Beach Boys showcases the artistic depth and compositional craft of Brian Wilson, the band’s primary songwriter. The song utilizes a complex chord progression and key changes that are unconventional for pop music of its time. The chord progression creates a sense of constant mood transitions, similar to arias in Romantic era music.

The chord progression for “Kokomo” by The Beach Boys is an example of sophisticated pop songwriting that combines elements of traditional tonal harmony, modal interchange (borrowed chords), and secondary dominants for dramatic effect. This song is in the key of C major.

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The song, ‘Across the Universe’ by The Beatles is uniquely complex in its melody and chord progression. The song modulates or shifts key but is rooted mainly in D major. The song utilizes the standard rock/pop song structure of Verse, Chorus, and Outro. The unusual facet of this song’s composition is the use of borrowed chords (non-diatonic chords) that add unexpected twists to an otherwise typical chord progression.

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“Bullet with Butterfly Wings” by The Smashing Pumpkins can be categorized as alternative rock. The chord progression showcases the grunge influence, with an emphasis on power chords and the use of suspended second chords which are often used to create ambiguity or tension.

The song “Hurt” by Nine Inch Nails has a tonal center around the key of B minor, as it is the most prominently featured chord in both the verse and chorus sections. The verse features a simple three-chord progression (Bm-D-E), and the chorus introduces additional chords (G, A). The outro mainly repeats the chords from the verse. The style of the piece can be characterized as haunting, melancholic, and somewhat minimalistic with only a few chords creating the harmonic landscape.

The Beach Boys – God Only Knows – Outro

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Chord Progression

[‘A’, ‘E/G#’, ‘F#m7’, ‘E/G#’]

Chord Progression Analysis

“`
– A (I)
– E/G# (V/vi)
– F#m7 (vi7)
– E/G# (V/vi)
“`

borrowed chords:
“`
E/G# (V/vi)
“`

Similar Chord Progressions

“Here, There and Everywhere” – The Beatles
Chord progression:
“`
‘G’ (I),
‘B/G’ (III/IV),
Am7 (ii7),
‘B/G’ (III/IV)
“`

“Can’t Help Falling in Love” – Elvis Presley
Chord progression:
“`
‘D’ (I),
‘B/D#’ (IV/V),
‘Em7’ (ii7),
‘B/D#’ (IV/V)
“`

Both of these songs by other artists feature similar use of inversions and seventh chords to create distinctive progressions. While each song is distinctive, they share common elements with the innovative sound of “God Only Knows”.

Musical Analysis

The outro begins with the A chord which is the tonic of the key the song is in (A major). The ‘E/G#’ is a first inversion dominant of the vi chord (F#m) and is also a borrowed chord. The ‘F#m7’ is just the vi chord with the added seventh. Again, we have the E/G# (V/vi), and this alternation creates a tension-like resolution fashion and adds an interesting twist to the traditional pattern of chordal shifts.

Overall Analysis

“God Only Knows” by The Beach Boys is one of their most well-known pieces and a primary example of the sophisticated harmonic writing characteristic of the group’s 1966 “Pet Sounds” record. This piece is particularly designed in the key of A major. The Outro of the song includes the following chords: ‘A’, ‘E/G#’, ‘F#m7’, ‘E/G#’ and many other chords throughout the song with complex chord changes that might not be typical in a pop song, but are characteristic of the band’s sound.

Style Analysis

The Beach Boys were known for their sophisticated, complex harmonies that pushed the boundaries of popular music in their era. One of the groundbreaking aspects of their work was their use of non-traditional chords and progressions in their music. This outro is one such example – it uses non-diatonic, borrowed chords to create a sound that is uniquely Beach Boys.

Chords in the Outro section of God Only Knows by The Beach Boys are:

[‘A’, ‘E/G#’, ‘F#m7’, ‘E/G#’]