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The outro of ‘Hey Jude’ by The Beatles is a prime example of a repeated chord progression, specifically a repeated loop of D-C-G-D. This progression is repeated throughout the last significant section of the song, often referred to as the “na na na” section, essentially becoming a kind of mantra or chant that brings the song to a sustained and palpable resolution.

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“Let It Be” is one of The Beatles’ most popular songs and features a primarily major tonality (C Major), giving it its iconic uplifting and inspiring quality. The song’s chord progression is quite standard in terms of pop/rock music, yet it does include some interesting elements like inversions and a 7th chord to add variety and emotional depth.

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The chord progression in the chorus of “Paper Tiger” by Beck is an interesting mix of major and minor chords which gives the song a unique and slightly melancholic vibe. While the song is in the key of E major, it contains several chords borrowed from the parallel minor key and features unusual harmonic movement. This creates a sense of tension and release that is characteristic of Beck’s music.

“Bennie And The Jets” by Elton John, released in 1973, features a distinctive chord progression that exemplifies Elton’s advanced harmonic sensibility and taste for grand piano-based balladry. The song is mainly in the key of G Major.

“Penny Lane,” written by the Beatles, utilizes key changes and borrowed chords to create an interesting and complex tonal palette. The song is best understood to primarily be in the key of A Major; however, it frequently borrows chords from the parallel minor key, uses unexpected dominant chords, and briefly modulates to other key areas for color and variety. This is characteristic of several Beatles songs, and it’s one of the ways they added complexity to their music while still remaining accessible.

The Beatles – Hey Jude – Chorus

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Chord Progression

[‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘A7’, ‘D’, ‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘A7’, ‘D’]

Chord Progression Analysis

“`
D Dominant 7th (V7 of IV), G
major (IV),
B minor (vi),
E minor (ii),
G major (IV),
A dominant 7th (V7),
D major (I),
D dominant 7th (V7 of IV),
G major (IV),
B minor (vi),
E minor (ii),
G major (IV),
A dominant 7th (V7),
D major (I)
“`

Borrowed chords: [‘D7’, ‘A7’]

Similar Chord Progressions

The Rolling Stones’ anthem “You Can’t Always Get What You Want” deploys a similar progression.
Chords: [‘C’, ‘F’, ‘D’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘C’, ‘F’, ‘D’]
“`
C Major (I),
F Major (IV),
D minor (ii),
G major (V),
C Major (I),
C Major (I),
F Major (IV),
D minor (ii)
“`

Brian Wilson’s “God Only Knows” from the Beach Boys also uses this technique of mixing major and minor keys.
Chords: [‘A’, ‘F#m’, ‘Bm’, ‘G’, ‘Gm’, ‘D’, ‘E7’, ‘A’]
“`
A Major (I),
F# minor (vi),
B minor (ii),
G Major (IV of IV, borrowed chord),
G minor (iv of IV, borrowed chord),
D Major (IV), E dominant 7th (V7),
A Major (I)
“`
Borrowed Chords: [‘G’, ‘Gm’]

Musical Analysis

Notably, the tune frequently switches to the IV (four) chord of G major and the V7 (five-seven) of A dominant 7th, creating a unique major/minor interplay, common in many rock and folk songs.

Overall Analysis

“Hey Jude” goes through a clear progression, switching through the keys of D major, A major and G major. Like many Beatles songs, it cleverly varies between these keys in keeping with the melody and mood of the piece. The complexity of this progression is part of the song’s charm and helps exemplifies the band’s creative approach to composition.

Style Analysis

“Hey Jude” is known for its anthemic, singalong style, bolstered by the repetitive but emotionally resonant chord progression. The progression’s simple repetition and strong resolution (from the V7 to the I) lends the song a hopeful, uplifting atmosphere.

Chords in the Chorus section of Hey Jude by The Beatles are:

[‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘A7’, ‘D’, ‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘A7’, ‘D’]