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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Hey Jude,” by The Beatles, is an iconic song. The chord progression is in the key of D major and it follows a sort of Variation on I-V-IV-I progression of many pop and rock songs. However, what makes this song extremely unique is its out-of-the-box structure and the experimental use of borrowed cords – it shows The Beatles’ fondness for combining elements of pop, rock and classical music and results in an emotional, powerful progression that resonates strongly with listeners.

“Maxwell’s Silver Hammer,” composed by Paul McCartney, is a pop song that sits in the key of D Major throughout. However, it does borrow chords from the parallel minor. This technique, known as modal interchange or borrowed chords, is common in popular music and especially in classical compositions by iconic bands like The Beatles.

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This is a simple and common chord progression often known as “four chords” used often in pop and rock music. The song is in G Major and the progression has a I-V-vi-IV pattern.

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The song “A Day in the Life” by the Beatles is known for its unique and striking musical features. The chord progression in the interlude, in particular, represents an example of the Beatles’ innovative approach to harmonic structure and tonal movement. This section is essentially a sequence of dominant-seventh chords that each resolve to the note a fifth below, a common harmonic progression known as the circle of fifths. The interlude features a prominent orchestral crescendo and transition that are hallmarks of the Beatles’ experimental approach to the use of orchestral instruments in rock music.

The song “Gravity” by A Perfect Circle is principally in the key signature of C# minor, which is categorically a minor scale. The primary chords used throughout the song are C#m, F#, and G#m, with the addition of E occasionally. The overall chord progression is quite consistent, with alternative lose touch of the conventional nature of chord progressions in pop and rock music.

The Beatles – Hey Jude – Interlude

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Chord Progression

[‘D’, ‘D7’, ‘A7’]

Chord Progression Analysis

In the key of D:
– D (I)
– D7 (V7 of IV)
– A7 (V7)

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Borrowed Chord: None
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Similar Chord Progressions

One band that have been heavily influenced by The Beatles is Oasis. Their song “Don’t Look Back In Anger” has a similar progression. In the key of C:

– C (I)
– C7 (V7 of IV)
– G (V)

This progression mirrors the basic structure of the “Hey Jude” progression, with a IV chord (in this case, G), acting as a pivot between the initial I chord and the dominant. The initial tonic-dominant relationship is subverted, with a temporary modulation to F being suggested by the C7 chord. This mirrors the use of secondary dominants in “Hey Jude”.

Musical Analysis

The progression starts with a D major chord (the tonic) which sets the mood. The D7 chord is the secondary dominant of G, making it a strong setup for a potential IV chord. However, instead of resolving to G, it returns to A7 (the dominant). This clever use of harmony defies our expectations, creating a momentary modulation. A7 then naturally leads back to D, creating a sense of completeness.

Overall Analysis

“Hey Jude,” written by The Beatles, charts a classic journey from tonic to dominant, with a detour through the subdominant and the minor dominant. It starts with a D chord (I), moves onto A (V), then A7 (V7) and back to D (I). The interlude features the progression D (I) – D7 (I7) – A7 (V7). This clever progression creates a momentary modulation to the key of G with the D7 chord, creating an interesting harmonic shift.

Style Analysis

Hey Jude is often admired for its inspired, yet straightforward progressions. The Beatles often used basic diatonic progressions as the basis of their tracks, infusing them with interesting harmonic shifts such as secondary dominants and borrowed chords. This particular progression underpins the song’s interlude, marking an important structural and textural shift within the song.

Chords in the Interlude section of Hey Jude by The Beatles are:

[‘D’, ‘D7’, ‘A7’]