Music Theory Alchemy

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“Girl” by The Beatles is a classic example of their use of chromatic harmony and modal interchange. The chord progression shows complexity in both its chord choices and structure, a distinguishing feature in much of their music. By closely examining this piece, we can better understand The Beatles’ harmonic technique where they blend the techniques of classical music (like chromaticism and harmonic diversity) with pop songwriting.

“Come Together”, released by The Beatles in 1969 on their Abbey Road album, is a rock song known for its catchy bass-line, cryptic lyrics and iconic chorus. It’s written in D minor key, a common key in rock music. Across the progression, there is not only an interesting mix of different chords but also a novel use of borrowed chords that play a significant role in making the song mysterious, intriguing, and unique.

The song “I Will” by The Beatles is an example of their unique and sophisticated approach to pop songwriting, demonstrating their comprehensive mastery of harmony within the pop idiom. The majority of the harmonies used in the song are diatonic to the key of C major, however there are several instances of borrowed chords that add color and complexity to the song’s overall harmonic structure.

“Say It Ain’t So” by Weezer is a rock song, primarily falling within the alternative rock and power pop styles. The chord progression of Verse 1 is simple yet effective in creating a somber, introspective mood. It primarily utilizes diatonic chords of the C major key, with the E major chord borrowed from the parallel minor key (C minor).

Chord progression analysis with Roman numerals:
A minor (vi) – E major (V/vi) – F major (IV) – C major (I)

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Borrowed chord: E major (V/vi)
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The song “It’s A Fire” by Portishead features complex harmonic structures, distinguished by a fusion of pop, rock, and elements of jazz harmonies. The band, known for their trip-hop style, employ chromatically richer harmony and non-diatonic chord progressions in this piece. The chord progression of ‘It’s A Fire’ is consistent with this approach as we see the frequent use of suspended and minor chords alongside major ones, which creates a sense of unresolved tension. Borrowed chords, usually taken from the parallel minor or major key, are also used frequently to add stylistic color to the harmony.

The Beatles – Girl – Verse 1

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Chord Progression

[‘Bm’, ‘F#7’, ‘Bm’, ‘Bm7’, ‘Em’, ‘D’, ‘F#7’, ‘Bm’, ‘F#7’, ‘Bm’, ‘Bm7’, ‘Em’, ‘Bm’]

Chord Progression Analysis

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The Verse 1 of “Girl” goes as follows:
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B minor (i), F#7(V7), B minor (i), B minor 7(i7), E minor ( iv),
D (bVI), F#7 (V7), B minor (i), F#7(V7), B minor(i), B minor7(i7),
E minor(iv), B minor (i)
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Here, B minor is the tonic (i) chord of the song. The F#7 is the dominant seventh (V7) and key to establishing B minor as the tonal centre. E minor acts as the subdominant (iv) chord which provides a smooth transition back to the tonic. D provides a flat major sixth (bVI) which is a borrowed chord from the parallel major of B minor (B major).

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Similar Chord Progressions

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A similar progression can be heard in “While My Guitar Gently Weeps” also by The Beatles which includes minor, dominant 7th, minor 7th, and a borrowed bVI chord from parallel major.

Another example is “Stairway To Heaven” by Led Zeppelin with the progression goes as follows:
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A minor (i), G#7 (VII7), A minor(i), A minor7(i7),
D(iv), F major (bVI), A minor(i), G#7(VII7), A minor(i), A minor7(i7),
D(iv), A minor(i)
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This progression, similar to “Girl”, employs a mixture of minor, minor7, and dominant 7th chords. It also borrows F from the parallel major.

Musical Analysis

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The song’s melody is mainly centered around the i chord (B minor), which creates a haunting and melancholic atmosphere. The addition of sevenths (Bm7, F#7) gives the progression a jazzy touch and increases the tension which is released when the progression resolves back to Bm.

The song, although structurally simple, cleverly uses harmonic tension and release to create dynamic interest. The minor harmonic pattern reinforces the moody and romantic lyrics of the song.

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Overall Analysis

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“Girl” is a song by The Beatles from their 1965 album “Rubber Soul”. The song is written in the key of E minor and it showcases the band’s ability to incorporate non-diatsubject resorting to non-diatonic progressions and utilizes various seventh chords to establish a more sophisticated and jazzy soundid progression. It’s important to note their use of the Dorian mode, which adds to the melodic and harmonic sophistication of the song. Moreover, the song exhibits the lyrical and songwriting depth of The Beatles.

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Style Analysis

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The Beatles are known for their innovation with chord progressions, tonalities, and styles. “Girl” is a great representation of their exploration of more sophisticated musical settings, here by implementing seventh chords and a modal use.

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Chords in the Verse 1 section of Girl by The Beatles are:

[‘Bm’, ‘F#7’, ‘Bm’, ‘Bm7’, ‘Em’, ‘D’, ‘F#7’, ‘Bm’, ‘F#7’, ‘Bm’, ‘Bm7’, ‘Em’, ‘Bm’]