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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Eleanor Rigby’” is a song by The Beatles, released on their 1966 album “Revolver”. Being unusually somber and profound for a pop song, it showcases The Beatles’ expanding musical palette and their desire to move past the conventional parameters of popular music at the time. The song itself is crafted entirely around the key of E minor, with only occasional diversions to the IV chord (C Major). It strongly exhibits the use of Aeolian mode (commonly known as the ‘natural’ minor) and employs string quartet instrumentation, a unique stylistic pattern at that time.

“Here Comes The Sun” is written by George Harrison from The Beatles and it is a key example of the band’s flirtation with what is commonly referred to as Mixolydian mode. The piece showcases their skillful blending of folk idioms with contemporary pop sensibilities.

“Wild Horses” is a song by the rock band Rolling Stones from their 1971 album “Sticky Fingers”. It is a great example of the band’s adeptness not only at writing catchy rock songs but also at creating complex and interesting chord progressions. The song is in the key of G major. The verse progression is interesting with the use of the B minor chord (Bm), which is the iii chord in the key of G major – a chord that isn’t commonly used in popular music.

“Whole Lotta Love” by Led Zeppelin is a hard rock song that was released in 1969. The song features a famous guitar riff with a simple, blues-influenced chord progression. That guitar riff is based on the D and E chords and can be heard throughout the main part of the song. The verse consists of the same primary chords as the riff, with slight variations in the E chord during the iconic “You need cooling” vocal part. The overall harmonic structure of the song with its repeating chords D and E gives it a strong I-V dynamic while staying in the D Mixolydian mode. Additionally, the guitar riff borrows elements of other blues progressions, creating a distinguished sound.

“Love Of My Life” by Queen, especially Verse 3, showcases a mix of simple and complex harmony, with many secondary dominants, borrowed chords, and diminished chords contributing to varying and shifting tonal centres. This makes for an emotional and contextually appropriate progression that fits well with the song’s lyrical content.

The Beatles – Eleanor Rigby – Verse 3

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Chord Progression

[‘Em’, ‘C’, ‘C’, ‘Em’, ‘Em’, ‘C’, ‘C’, ‘Em’]

Chord Progression Analysis

The verse 3 uses a repetitive I-♭VI-I sequence with an overall key of E minor.

“`
E minor (‘I’)
C major (‘♭VI’)

E minor (‘I’)
C major (‘♭VI’)

E minor (‘I’)
C major (‘♭VI’)

E minor (‘I’)
C major (‘♭VI’)
“`

Similar Chord Progressions

1. “All Along The Watchtower” by Bob Dylan also oscillates between two chords (Am and G) which creates a feeling of tension and unease.

“`
A minor (‘I’)
G major (‘♭VII’)

A minor (‘I’)
G major (‘♭VII’)

A minor (‘I’)
G major (‘♭VII’)

A minor (‘I’)
G major (‘♭VII’)
“`

2. “With or Without You” by U2 has a chord progression of D – A – Bm – G, repeating throughout the song, a technique called an ostinato.

“`
D major (‘I’)
A major (‘V’)
B minor (‘vi’)
G major (‘IV’)
“`

Musical Analysis

The Em chord gives a melancholic and dark feeling while the C chord provides some relief with a relatively more uplifting tone. However, the rapid alternation between these two chords imparts an overall feeling of complexity and melancholy which is in line with the song’s lyrical content about loneliness and isolation.

Overall Analysis

“Eleanor Rigby” is known for its unusual and innovative use of the Aeolian mode, otherwise known as the natural minor scale, which is reflected in the chord progression Em – C. The song incorporates string arrangements and has a narrative, storytelling style. Unlike most pop and rock songs of the time, it does not contain drums or guitars. The chord utilization is simple with only two chords used throughout, Em and C, but it nevertheless creates a unique and haunting soundscape.

Style Analysis

“Eleanor Rigby” demonstrates an innovative use of the Aeolian mode in pop music. Its emotive use of strings and the two-chord progression successfully conveys a melancholic atmosphere. The song doesn’t have a traditional chorus and is more similar to classical compositions or folk storytelling. The Beatles’ ability to create a unique musical landscape with simple chords illustrates their pioneering genius in songwriting.

Chords in the Verse 3 section of Eleanor Rigby by The Beatles are:

[‘Em’, ‘C’, ‘C’, ‘Em’, ‘Em’, ‘C’, ‘C’, ‘Em’]