Music Theory Alchemy

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Paranoid Android is a progressive rock song by Radiohead from their album “OK Computer.” The song features various time signature changes, complex harmonic structures, and a blend of distorted guitar tones and strings. The given chords belong to the first verse of the song. The overall tonality of the song is predominantly centered around the C minor key. However, there are some instances of borrowed chords and chromaticism in the chord progression, which adds tension and an unstable quality to the music.

“Knives Out” by Radiohead features a chord progression that combines elements of rock and jazz with a touch of chromaticism. The harmony is based in the key of C minor, but it also borrows chords from the parallel major key, creating an interesting mix of major and minor tonalities. The overall feel of the piece is melancholic and introspective, with various chord relationships contributing to this mood.

“Save Me” by Queen is a rock ballad that uses a complex mix of traditional popular song structures and common rock chord progressions. The song structure is largely verse-chorus, but then there’s a bridge serving as the solo section, and finally ends with repeating choruses. The chord progression for the chorus utilizes a variety of chord inversions, diatonic chords, and non-diatonic or borrowed chords, which are typical of Queen’s music style.

“Penny Lane,” written by the Beatles, utilizes key changes and borrowed chords to create an interesting and complex tonal palette. The song is best understood to primarily be in the key of A Major; however, it frequently borrows chords from the parallel minor key, uses unexpected dominant chords, and briefly modulates to other key areas for color and variety. This is characteristic of several Beatles songs, and it’s one of the ways they added complexity to their music while still remaining accessible.

The chord progression in the chorus of Muse’s “Apocalypse Please” consists of a mix of diatonic chords and borrowed chords from the parallel major and minor keys. The progression features strong harmonic movement with a pivot modulation. Muse is known for their dramatic, often symphonic rock sound, and this progression is no exception in showing off their signature style. The progression also shares some similarities with other artists’ works in both structure and harmonic content.

Radiohead – Paranoid Android – Chorus

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Chord Progression

Gm, Dm9, E, Gm, Gm, Dm9, E, Am, G#, C, D, Am, G#, C, D, Cm, G, Bb, A, Dm, A, Dm, Dm7, Bb, F, Gm, F, E, A

Chord Progression Analysis

“`
G minor (i),
D minor 9 (v9),
E major (VI),
G minor (i),
G minor (i),
D minor 9 (v9),
E major (VI),
A minor (ii),
G# major (I#),
C major (IV),
D major (V),
A minor (ii),
G# major (I#),
C major (IV),
D major (V),
C minor (iv),
G major (VII),
Bb major (III),
A major (V/V),
D minor (v),
A major (V/V),
D minor (v),
D minor 7 (v7),
Bb major (III),
F major (VII/base),
G minor (i),
F major (VII/base),
E major (VI),
A major (V/V)
“`

Borrowed Chords:

“`G# major (I#)“`

Similar Chord Progressions

1. The Beatles – “Happiness is a Warm Gun”:
“`Cm, G, Ab, Bb, Gm, G, E, Am, G“`

2. Muse – “Citizen Erased”:
“`Am, G, F, E, Dm, G, Fmaj7, E“`

3. Tool – “Schism”:
“`Ebm7, Bb7, Bbm7, Abm, Fm, D“`

Although not exact replicas, these examples share a similar tendency of utilizing diverse and unexpected harmonic movement in an unconventional progression. They demonstrate how artists from various genres experiment with complex harmony and chromaticism to create a unique and engaging musical experience.

Musical Analysis

Radiohead’s “Paranoid Android” chorus employs several non-diatonic chords, creating a sense of unpredictability and tension. While the predominant tonality is G minor, the piece frequently ventures into other tonal centers, including C major and D major.

The progression begins with a somewhat conventional G minor – D minor – E major progression (i – v – VI), giving a sense of the natural minor scale. However, the progression then shifts to A minor (ii), followed by the borrowed G# major (I#) chord, which provides a strong chromatic contrast.

The repeated A minor – G# major – C major – D major sequence highlights a mix of diatonic degrees and borrowed chords, keeping the listener engaged. Eventually, the progression resolves to C minor (iv), before taking another series of twists and turns, finally ending with the V/V (A major) chord, which serves as a dominant push back into the tonic upon repetition of the progression.

Overall Analysis

The chorus of Radiohead’s “Paranoid Android” features an unconventional and diverse chord progression, drawing from various scale degrees. This progression contributes to the song’s complex, shifting quality, moving through several tonal centers.

Style Analysis

“Paranoid Android” exemplifies Radiohead’s use of unconventional harmony and structure in their music. The ever-evolving, unpredictable nature of the chord progression reflects the song’s moody, atmospheric quality. It combines traditional tonal harmony with chromaticism, contributing to the song’s melodic and harmonic complexity.

Chords in the Chorus section of Paranoid Android by Radiohead are:

Gm, Dm9, E, Gm, Gm, Dm9, E, Am, G#, C, D, Am, G#, C, D, Cm, G, Bb, A, Dm, A, Dm, Dm7, Bb, F, Gm, F, E, A