Music Theory Alchemy

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“Hurt” is a song written and composed by Trent Reznor, best known for its version covered by Johnny Cash in C major. The song employs a commonly used pop/rock chord progression (vi- IV- I- V), that aids the conveyance of the theme of regret and redemption. The use of the minor vi chord (Am) as the starting point of the progression provides a very melancholy feel that aligns with the overall tone of regret in the lyrics. The progression then moves to a major IV (F), suggestive of a brief glimpse of hope or relief, before settling into the home key of C. The progression rounds off with a V chord (G), propelling the sequence back to the beginning again, giving a cyclic, repeating, and enduring feel to the music.

The song “Closer” by Nine Inch Nails is a dark and provocative piece built upon a relentless, driving chord progression and sinuous melodies. The downbeat feel and chromaticism contribute to the brooding, unsettling mood of the song, which is a hallmark of the industrial rock genre. The piece is in the key of B minor.

“Anti-Hero,” a standout track from Taylor Swift, exemplifies her mature songwriting style that merges introspective lyrics with intricate harmonies. This song’s verse utilizes a chord progression that creates a rich emotional landscape, perfectly complementing the themes of self-reflection and personal imperfection. The progression, while rooted in the traditional pop structure, employs extended chords to enhance its lyrical narrative, adding layers of complexity that resonate with listeners.

The verse of Taylor Swift’s “ME!” features a chord progression that is archetypal for upbeat pop music, echoing themes of brightness and positivity. This progression harnesses straightforward harmonic movement to support the song’s enthusiastic vibe, making it highly effective for conveying the song’s message of self-love and confidence.

“A Hard Day’s Night” by The Beatles, despite seeming to have a simple structure, is quite unique in its musical composition. The progression varies from standard rock, pop, and folk structure by integrating unique transitions and slightly unconventional chord choices.

Verse

Nine Inch Nails – Hurt – Verse

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Chord Progression

Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, A

Chord Progression Analysis

Verse Chord Progression: Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), A (VII)

Chorus Chord Progression: Bm (i), G (VI), D (III), A (VII), Bm (i), G (VI), D (III), A (VII), Bm (i), G (VI), D (III), A (VII), Bm (i), G (VI), A (VII), B (I)

Outro Chord Progression: D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV)

Note: There are no borrowed chords in this song.

Similar Chord Progressions

1. Radiohead – “Creep”
Chord Progression: G (IV), B (VI), C (VII), Cm (vii°)

2. The Beatles – “While My Guitar Gently Weeps”
Chord Progression: Am (i), G (VII), C#o7 (ii°7), Am (i), C (III), E (V), Am (i)

3. Coldplay – “The Scientist”
Chord Progression: Dm (vi), Bb (IV), F (I), C (V)

These songs show some similarities in their use of repetitive chord progressions and combining both major and minor chords, which create a sense of melancholy or introspection.

Musical Analysis

The verse of “Hurt” uses a steady progression of i-III-IV, giving the piece a sense of melancholy by accentuating the B Minor tonality. The frequent repetition helps create a hypnotic, somber mood. The final A chord in the verse section acts as a setup for the transition into the chorus.

In the chorus, the progression shifts to i-VI-III-VII, adding a sense of hope with the major G and A chords (VI and VII). However, the pivot back to the Bm chord prompts a return to the initial tone of melancholy.

The outro shares the same chord progression as the verse, but it is shorter and serves to slowly wind down the intensity of the song, providing closure.

Overall Analysis

The song “Hurt” by Nine Inch Nails is in the key of B minor. The verse has a simple yet effective chord progression that revolves mainly around the i, III, and IV chords with a slight deviation towards the end. The chorus is characterized by a i-VII-III-VI progression with a slight extension. The outro mostly repeats the verse progression but is shorter.

Style Analysis

“Hurt” is an alternative rock song that falls within the genres of dark ambient and industrial rock music. It has a sparse arrangement, with minimalist piano, guitar, and drum machine elements. The melancholic and introspective lyrics are accentuated by the somber and repetitive chord progressions.

Chords in the Verse section of Hurt by Nine Inch Nails are:

Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, A