Music Theory Alchemy

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“Hurt” is a song written and composed by Trent Reznor, best known for its version covered by Johnny Cash in C major. The song employs a commonly used pop/rock chord progression (vi- IV- I- V), that aids the conveyance of the theme of regret and redemption. The use of the minor vi chord (Am) as the starting point of the progression provides a very melancholy feel that aligns with the overall tone of regret in the lyrics. The progression then moves to a major IV (F), suggestive of a brief glimpse of hope or relief, before settling into the home key of C. The progression rounds off with a V chord (G), propelling the sequence back to the beginning again, giving a cyclic, repeating, and enduring feel to the music.

“Every Day Is Exactly The Same” by Nine Inch Nails utilizes a unique four-chord cycle in its chorus – ‘E’, ‘A’, ‘C’, ‘G’. The song is in the key of E minor, and therefore, the functional analysis would interpret this progression as i-IV-bVI-III. The bVI and III are borrowed chords from the parallel major scale. This chord progression creates a moody atmosphere that aligns with the overall melancholic and introspective theme of the song.

“Hey Jude,” by The Beatles, is an iconic song. The chord progression is in the key of D major and it follows a sort of Variation on I-V-IV-I progression of many pop and rock songs. However, what makes this song extremely unique is its out-of-the-box structure and the experimental use of borrowed cords – it shows The Beatles’ fondness for combining elements of pop, rock and classical music and results in an emotional, powerful progression that resonates strongly with listeners.

The verse of Taylor Swift’s “ME!” features a chord progression that is archetypal for upbeat pop music, echoing themes of brightness and positivity. This progression harnesses straightforward harmonic movement to support the song’s enthusiastic vibe, making it highly effective for conveying the song’s message of self-love and confidence.

The chord progression for the verse of “Kids” by MGMT is a simple and diatonic progression in the key of A major, following the vi-IV-I-V pattern. It is common in pop music and creates a sense of tension and release throughout the progression. The chords are played using predominantly major and minor triads, with an inversion in the V chord (E/G#).

Nine Inch Nails – Hurt – Verse

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Chord Progression

Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, A

Chord Progression Analysis

Verse Chord Progression: Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), A (VII)

Chorus Chord Progression: Bm (i), G (VI), D (III), A (VII), Bm (i), G (VI), D (III), A (VII), Bm (i), G (VI), D (III), A (VII), Bm (i), G (VI), A (VII), B (I)

Outro Chord Progression: D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV), Bm (i), D (III), E (IV)

Note: There are no borrowed chords in this song.

Similar Chord Progressions

1. Radiohead – “Creep”
Chord Progression: G (IV), B (VI), C (VII), Cm (vii°)

2. The Beatles – “While My Guitar Gently Weeps”
Chord Progression: Am (i), G (VII), C#o7 (ii°7), Am (i), C (III), E (V), Am (i)

3. Coldplay – “The Scientist”
Chord Progression: Dm (vi), Bb (IV), F (I), C (V)

These songs show some similarities in their use of repetitive chord progressions and combining both major and minor chords, which create a sense of melancholy or introspection.

Musical Analysis

The verse of “Hurt” uses a steady progression of i-III-IV, giving the piece a sense of melancholy by accentuating the B Minor tonality. The frequent repetition helps create a hypnotic, somber mood. The final A chord in the verse section acts as a setup for the transition into the chorus.

In the chorus, the progression shifts to i-VI-III-VII, adding a sense of hope with the major G and A chords (VI and VII). However, the pivot back to the Bm chord prompts a return to the initial tone of melancholy.

The outro shares the same chord progression as the verse, but it is shorter and serves to slowly wind down the intensity of the song, providing closure.

Overall Analysis

The song “Hurt” by Nine Inch Nails is in the key of B minor. The verse has a simple yet effective chord progression that revolves mainly around the i, III, and IV chords with a slight deviation towards the end. The chorus is characterized by a i-VII-III-VI progression with a slight extension. The outro mostly repeats the verse progression but is shorter.

Style Analysis

“Hurt” is an alternative rock song that falls within the genres of dark ambient and industrial rock music. It has a sparse arrangement, with minimalist piano, guitar, and drum machine elements. The melancholic and introspective lyrics are accentuated by the somber and repetitive chord progressions.

Chords in the Verse section of Hurt by Nine Inch Nails are:

Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, Bm, D, E, A