Music Theory Alchemy

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“Hurt” is a song written and composed by Trent Reznor, best known for its version covered by Johnny Cash in C major. The song employs a commonly used pop/rock chord progression (vi- IV- I- V), that aids the conveyance of the theme of regret and redemption. The use of the minor vi chord (Am) as the starting point of the progression provides a very melancholy feel that aligns with the overall tone of regret in the lyrics. The progression then moves to a major IV (F), suggestive of a brief glimpse of hope or relief, before settling into the home key of C. The progression rounds off with a V chord (G), propelling the sequence back to the beginning again, giving a cyclic, repeating, and enduring feel to the music.

“Closer” by Nine Inch Nails, released in 1994, is a well-known song distinguished by its catchy synth lines, explosive percussion, and provocative lyricism. Hinged on a distinct, repeating synth bassline, the song employs a fundamental chord progression epitomizing the alternative rock and industrial genres. Its tonal centre revolves around the key of C# minor.

“3 Libras Acoustic Live” by A Perfect Circle revolves around a rock ballad style with an alternative rock genre. It features distinctive chord progressions and some borrowing from outside of the primary key. The harmonic progression in the chorus is relatively simple but contributes to the melancholic and introspective atmosphere of the song.

“Penny Lane,” written by the Beatles, utilizes key changes and borrowed chords to create an interesting and complex tonal palette. The song is best understood to primarily be in the key of A Major; however, it frequently borrows chords from the parallel minor key, uses unexpected dominant chords, and briefly modulates to other key areas for color and variety. This is characteristic of several Beatles songs, and it’s one of the ways they added complexity to their music while still remaining accessible.

The song “Hurt” by Nine Inch Nails mainly consists of a six-chord progression (Bm, G, D, A, Bm, G), repeating four times in the chorus. The sixth repetition alters the ending (Bm, G, A, B), and the key of the song is B Minor.

Nine Inch Nails – Hurt – Chorus

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Chord Progression

Bm, G, D, A, Bm, G, D, A, Bm, G, D, A, Bm, G, A, B

Chord Progression Analysis

B minor (i) – G major (VI) – D major (III) – A major (VII)

Similar Chord Progressions

1. “Creep” by Radiohead
Chord progression: G major (I) – B major (III) – C major (IV) – C minor (iv)

2. “Mad World” by Tears for Fears
Chord progression: F minor (i) – A♭ major (III) – B♭ major (IV) – D♭ major (VI)

Note that these songs utilize different keys and may not have the exact same progression as “Hurt,” but they follow a similar pattern and emotional feel due to the use of borrowed chords and related techniques. The shared aesthetic among these songs lies in their emotional depth and introspective lyricism.

Musical Analysis

The foundation of the chord progression is built around the tonic (Bm – i), submediant (G – VI), and mediant (D – III). The A major chord (VII) comes from the parallel major key (B major), which is considered a borrowed chord. This borrowed chord introduces an unexpected major quality into the progression, which adds to the emotional impact of the chorus.

Overall Analysis

“Hurt” by Nine Inch Nails features a melancholic and introspective chord progression. The song is predominantly in the key of B minor. The verse and outro sections revolve around the Bm, D, and E chords, while the chorus uses a progression of Bm, G, D, A. The use of borrowed chords enriches the harmonic landscape, adding depth to the composition.

Style Analysis

“Hurt” showcases the signature style of Nine Inch Nails, characterized by introspective lyricism, dark ambiance, and emotional vulnerability. The chord progression complements this aesthetic, evoking a sense of longing, melancholy, and regret. The song also incorporates experimental and electronic elements, along with a simple yet impactful melody.

Chords in the Chorus section of Hurt by Nine Inch Nails are:

Bm, G, D, A, Bm, G, D, A, Bm, G, D, A, Bm, G, A, B