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“For No One” is a song from The Beatles’ album Revolver, released in 1966. The song has a melancholic theme, represented quite well through a sophisticated chord progression that features significant use of the minor scale and infrequent use of chord extensions, such as 7th and suspended chords. It’s written primarily in C Major, but the chorus alternates between D Minor and A7, an interesting modal shift (Using structural chords from different modes).

“Penny Lane,” written by the Beatles, utilizes key changes and borrowed chords to create an interesting and complex tonal palette. The song is best understood to primarily be in the key of A Major; however, it frequently borrows chords from the parallel minor key, uses unexpected dominant chords, and briefly modulates to other key areas for color and variety. This is characteristic of several Beatles songs, and it’s one of the ways they added complexity to their music while still remaining accessible.

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“Closer” by Nine Inch Nails utilizes a relatively simple chord structure, which allows the song to establish a pervasive atmosphere and direct the listener’s focus on the lyrics and melodies. This piece is in the key of C minor, and the chord progression is cyclical in nature, with Verse 2 consisting of the repetition of Cm7 chord throughout.

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“Im Still Standing” by Elton John is a classic rock/pop song composed in E Major. You can see that this is a complex composition with frequent chord changes, giving it a rich musical texture. The chord progression is not diatonic, which means that it includes chords from outside of its home key of E Major.

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“Electric Feel” by MGMT is characterized by its repetitive, catchy chord progression and usage of both major and minor chords which create a unique, surreal atmosphere. The song includes elements of psychedelic pop, funk, and electronic music.

The Beatles – For No One – Verse 2

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Chord Progression

[‘C’, ‘C/B’, ‘Am’, ‘C/G’, ‘F’, ‘Bb’, ‘C’]

Chord Progression Analysis

Here is the analysis with borrowed chords:

“`
C Major (I)
C/B (I with leading tone Bass)
A minor (vi)
C/G (I with dominant Bass)
F Major (IV)
Bb Major (♭VII – Borrowed from C Minor)
C Major (I)
“`

Similar Chord Progressions

The progression I – vi – IV – V is common in many other pop songs. A borrowed ♭VII chord and slash chords are less common, but you can see a use of borrowed chords in the work of artists as diverse as Nirvana and Stevie Wonder. For example:

– Nirvana’s “Smells Like Teen Spirit” borrows uses a similar technique in a couple passages. Here is one such progression: [‘F5’, ‘Bb5’, ‘Ab5’, ‘Db5’] (I – ♭III – ♭II – IV assumed to be in the F Major Key. Nirvana used power chords which technically aren’t major or minor but assuming major fits the aesthetic of their music perfectly).
– Stevie Wonder’s “Superstition” also uses a similar trick. The progression: [‘Eb min7’, ‘Bb7’] (i – V expressed in Eb minor, the V chord is borrowed from the parallel major).

Of course, these examples don’t match The Beatles chord progression exactly but they do show the use of borrowed chords, which are one unique aspect of the given Beatles progression.

Musical Analysis

This progression consists of the I, vi, IV, and V, a very common progression in pop music known as the doo-wop progression. What is unique here is the use of a borrowed chord, which is less common. This introduces a note (Bb) into the progression that is not in the diatonic key of C Major, creating an unexpected and interesting sound.

Overall Analysis

The progression is in the key of C major. The use of the Bb major is known as modal interchange, where a chord that is not in the key is borrowed from a parallel key, which in this case is C minor. This contributes an interesting tone color to the overall sound. The chord progression does consist a use of slash chords (C/B, C/G) which adds a more complex bassline creating a more harmonically active feeling, and yielding more tension and release.

Style Analysis

The use of borrowed chords was a commonly used technique of The Beatles, allowing them to create more complex and less predictable harmonic structures. The Beatles are known for their innovative chord progressions and this is a classic example. The use of a continuous descending bassline in this progression adds an element of tension and release, typical of their style.

Chords in the Verse 2 section of For No One by The Beatles are:

[‘C’, ‘C/B’, ‘Am’, ‘C/G’, ‘F’, ‘Bb’, ‘C’]