Music Theory Alchemy

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“Since I’ve Been Loving You” by Led Zeppelin is a slow-tempo blues-rock song featuring a sophisticated and expressive chord progression that falls predominantly within the C minor key, standing out from the more traditional blues structures. The chords in the verse display a creative use of borrowed chords and chromaticism, contributing to the song’s moody and emotionally-evocative atmosphere. The progression is less common in rock music, which is what makes it characteristic of Led Zeppelin’s innovative musical explorations.

“Stairway to Heaven” is a well-known song by Led Zeppelin, released in 1971 on their untitled fourth album, which is often referred to as “Led Zeppelin IV” or “Zoso.” The song, composed by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant, is a complex piece with various sections and stylistic influences. The section under analysis, Bridge 2, is a chord progression that serves as a connecting passage between the more tranquil sections of the song and the harder, rock aspects that follow. The chords are built on diatonic and chromatic elements, showcasing the band’s skill in creating evocative harmonic progressions.

Verse 3 of Radiohead’s Motion Picture Soundtrack features a melancholic and non-functional chord progression that showcases the band’s use of interesting chord voicings as well as the mixture of major and minor modalities. The progression revolves around the G major, and shifts between borrowed chords and non-conventional chord extensions such as the sus2 chord. This approach is typical of alternative rock bands like Radiohead, which often stray away from traditional norms in favor of innovative and evocative harmonies.

The chord progression can be divided into three main sections (please see the details below). The first section is based around the I chord (C), the second section introduces the IV chord (F), then it returns to the I chord. The third section introduces a borrowed chord (bVII – Bb from C Mixolydian), a V chord (G), then returns to the I chord with a brief excursion back to the V chord. There is repetition in this section with the return to the I chord.

“Sometimes It Snows In April” is a song by Prince in the pop style. It’s characterized by its use of extended and added note chords, as seen in the chord progression for Verse 3. This advanced harmonic content gives the song a distinct, rich, and complex musical texture, typical of Prince’s style.

Led Zeppelin – Since Ive Been Loving You – Verse 3

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Chord Progression

Cm, Fm, Cm, Eb, D, Cm, G7/D, Cm/Eb, Eb7, D7, Dbmaj7

Chord Progression Analysis

Cm (i), Fm (iv), Cm (i), E♭ (III), D (V/vi), Cm (i), G7/D (V7/IV), Cm/E♭ (i6), E♭7 (III7), D7 (V7 of ♭III), D♭maj7 (♭III).

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Borrowed Chords: E♭7, D7
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Similar Chord Progressions

1. Pink Floyd – “Breathe”:
Dmaj7 (I), Em9 (ii9), Amaj7 (V), G(#11) (IV#11)

2. The Beatles – “Something”:
Cmaj7 (I), C7 (V7 of IV), F (IV), Am (vi), D7 (V7 of IV), G (IV), Bm7 (ii7), E7 (V7 of vi), Am (vi)

3. Jimi Hendrix – “Little Wing”:
Em (i), G (III), Am (iv), Em7 (i7), Bm (v), B♭ (♭V), Am (iv), C (VI)

These examples showcase other artists who use chromaticism, borrowed chords, and modal interchange to add harmonic depth and interest to their music, similarly to what Led Zeppelin achieved in “Since I’ve Been Loving You.”

Musical Analysis

This progression begins with a classic i-iv (Cm-Fm) movement that is common in blues and rock music. The E♭ major chord, functioning as a chromatic mediant, connects the Cm and D chords through smooth voice leading. This D major chord, which is borrowed from the parallel major key of C and functions as a secondary dominant to the following Cm, adds an interesting twist to the otherwise simplistic progression.

G7/D serves as a secondary dominant targeting the Fm chord (IV), leading to a brief tonicization of the subdominant. The harmonic progression then moves to the first inversion of the tonic chord, Cm/E♭, creating a smooth bass line descending stepwise to E♭7. This chord is another borrowed chord, a lowered III7, which transitions to a D7. The D7 is traditionally expected to resolve to Gm (vi), but instead, it resolves deceptively to a D♭maj7 (♭III), which brings an unexpected and emotionally rich color to the progression.

Overall Analysis

“Since I’ve Been Loving You” is a blues-influenced rock ballad by Led Zeppelin. Its chord progression showcases the band’s eclectic mix of blues, rock, and jazz influences. The progression is characterized by a mix of diatonic and chromatically altered chords, reflecting a sophisticated understanding of harmony and emotional depth that is typical of Led Zeppelin’s music.

Style Analysis

“Since I’ve Been Loving You” showcases Led Zeppelin’s unique blend of rock, blues, and jazz influences. The progression mixes diatonic and chromatic harmonies, along with modal interchange and secondary dominants. Moreover, it features the signature melodic and expressive guitar playing of Jimmy Page, as well as the potent rhythm section formed by John Bonham and John Paul Jones. This verse stands as a testament to Led Zeppelin’s ability to push the boundaries of popular music while remaining true to their roots.

Chords in the Verse 3 section of Since Ive Been Loving You by Led Zeppelin are:

Cm, Fm, Cm, Eb, D, Cm, G7/D, Cm/Eb, Eb7, D7, Dbmaj7