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“The Long And Winding Road” by The Beatles presents us with a classic example of their innovative approach to harmony and composition. Drawing from various sources of influence, the song incorporates elements of traditional pop ballad form with a hint of the Baroque harmonic palette. This song is an excellent study in complex harmony and modulation within a pop music context, a trait that underpins much of The Beatles’ later work.

“Hey Jude,” written by The Beatles, charts a classic journey from tonic to dominant, with a detour through the subdominant and the minor dominant. It starts with a D chord (I), moves onto A (V), then A7 (V7) and back to D (I). The interlude features the progression D (I) – D7 (I7) – A7 (V7). This clever progression creates a momentary modulation to the key of G with the D7 chord, creating an interesting harmonic shift.

“Sour Times” by Portishead is largely written in the key of C# minor, with elements of modal interchange and chromaticism that contribute to its haunting, dark sound. The song exhibits a remarkable amount of harmonic complexity and non-diatonic harmony, which is a defining characteristic of the trip-hop genre. The piece makes use of intricate inversions and chromatic voice leading, along with a frequent use of sevenths and diminished chords for added tension.

“As Tears Go By” by The Rolling Stones is a popular song from the mid-60s that features a mix of major and minor chords along with modulations between closely related keys. The overall harmonic structure shares similarities with other rock and pop songs of that era, including The Beatles and Bob Dylan.

Base Key and

“Wish You Were Here” by Pink Floyd is a classic rock ballad from their 1975 album of the same name. The song features an introspective and expressive melody with a predominantly acoustic instrumentation. The chord progression for Verse 2 demonstrates a blend of diatonic and non-diatonic chords, with borrowed chords from parallel modes, which adds to the emotional depth of the piece.

The Beatles – The Long And Winding Road – Verse 2

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Chord Progression

[‘Bm’, ‘Gsus2/A’, ‘D’, ‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘Gmaj7’, ‘G’, ‘F#m’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘A’, ‘D’, ‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘F#m’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘A’, ‘D’]

Chord Progression Analysis

Verse 2 features the following chord progression:

“`
B minor (ii), Gsus2/A (IV), D major (I), D7 (I7), G major (IV), Gmaj7 (IV), G major (IV), F# minor (iii), B minor (ii), E minor (ii), A major (V), D major (I), D7 (I7), G major (IV), F# minor (iii), B minor (ii), E minor (ii), A major (V), D major (I)
“`

In this progression, the D7 adds a slight tension that is resolved by the following G chord. The use of the major seventh on the G creates a dreamy, smooth sound. The use of the ii, iii, and IV chords adds color and complexity to the sequence, contributing to its mournful tone.

Similar Chord Progressions

The Beatles’ innovative use of complex chord progressions has inspired countless other artists.

For instance, the song “God Only Knows” by The Beach Boys uses a progression with similar complexity and use of inversions:

“`
A major (I), B minor (ii), E (V), F# minor (vi), C# minor (iii), D major (IV), F#7 (VI7), B minor (ii), E major (V), A major (I), D major (IV), G minor (iv), D major(IV), E major (V), A major (I)
“`

Likewise, Billy Joel’s “Just the Way You Are” presents a chord sequence of similar sophistication:

“`
D major (I), Bm7 (vi), Emin7 (ii), Dmaj7 (I), Gmaj7 (IV), D/F# (I), Em7 (ii), Dmaj7 (I), G major (IV), F# minor (vi), Em7 (ii), A7 (V), D major (I), D7 (V7), Gmaj7 (IV), A7 (V7), D major (I)
“`

These examples demonstrate the widespread influence of The Beatles’ innovative chord progressions on popular music and their continued relevance in modern pop songwriting.

Musical Analysis

The musicianship within this track is reflective of the highly developed and mature compositional style of The Beatles’ later years; it includes the use of borrowed chords and added tensions, which were unusual for pop music of the time.

For example, the Gsus2/A chord is an example of a “slash” or polychord, a more sophisticated musical tool often seen in jazz music, which helps contribute to the song’s lush, full sound.

Overall Analysis

“The Long and Winding Road” by The Beatles is written in the key of D major and utilizes various chord progressions that contribute to its melancholic and nostalgic atmosphere.

Style Analysis

The Beatles were known for blending elements of various musical styles, including pop, rock, and more complex elements of classical and jazz harmony. The chord progression of “The Long and Winding Road” displays their knack for creating compelling, emotive music within the pop genre, while also pushing boundaries with more complex musical techniques.

Chords in the Verse 2 section of The Long And Winding Road by The Beatles are:

[‘Bm’, ‘Gsus2/A’, ‘D’, ‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘Gmaj7’, ‘G’, ‘F#m’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘A’, ‘D’, ‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘F#m’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘A’, ‘D’]