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Related Music Theory Alchemy

The chord progression of “Because” by The Beatles demonstrates the band’s profound exploration of harmony. The song starts in the key of C# minor, revolves around this key, and includes various modulations and tonicizations to explore chords beyond the key. It heavily employs secondary dominants and borrowed chords, particularly the diminished 7th chords, which is not uncommon in Beatles’s songs. The chord progression has a dreamy and fluid flow due to these harmonic explorations.

The song “A Day in the Life” by the Beatles is known for its unique and striking musical features. The chord progression in the interlude, in particular, represents an example of the Beatles’ innovative approach to harmonic structure and tonal movement. This section is essentially a sequence of dominant-seventh chords that each resolve to the note a fifth below, a common harmonic progression known as the circle of fifths. The interlude features a prominent orchestral crescendo and transition that are hallmarks of the Beatles’ experimental approach to the use of orchestral instruments in rock music.

The chord progression for verse 3 of Led Zeppelin’s “Stairway to Heaven” utilizes multiple techniques to create a rich and emotive sound. These techniques include diatonic chords, borrowed chords, and extended harmony. The progression follows a general pattern, with a repeated structure that helps unify the verse.

“And I Love Her” is a masterful composition by The Beatles that beautifully demonstrates their ability to mix pop songwriting with complexities of harmonic journey. The song is in the key of E Major, which is unique for being a popular song written by the Beatles in a major key. The main repeating chord progression of the Verse 3 is a progression that modulates between F# minor (the relative minor of A Major, which is the subdominant of E Major), and C# minor (the relative minor of E Major, the original key). The progression’s use of E6 at the end, which is a borrowed chord from the parallel minor (E minor), adds a unique flavor of sixth interval. Finally, it concludes on E6, a somewhat uncommon way to ground a song within a major key.

The chord progression in Verse 3 of “Congratulations” by MGMT features a mix of diatonic and non-diatonic chords. The song appears to be in G major, and the progression showcases several common techniques such as the use of inversions (G/F#), borrowed chords (Dsus4), and extended chords (Em7).

The Beatles – Because – Verse 3

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Chord Progression

[‘C#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘D#m7b5’, ‘G#7/D#’, ‘A’, ‘C#m’, ‘A9’, ‘A13’, ‘D’, ‘Ddim7’, ‘C#m’, ‘C#m’]

Chord Progression Analysis

“`
“C# minor” (‘i’),
“C# minor” (‘i’),
“D# half-diminished 7” (‘ii°7’),
“G# Dominant 7th/D#” (‘V7/ii’),
“A Major” (‘VI’),
“C# minor” (‘i’),
“A9 Major” (‘VI9’),
“A13 Major” (‘VI13’),
“D Major” (‘bIII’),
“D diminished 7” (‘vii°7’),
“C# minor” (‘i’),
“C# minor” (‘i’)
“`

Similar Chord Progressions

1. “Paranoid Android” by Radiohead, although it is much more complex, bears some similarities with the Beatles’ “Because”, especially with the usage of borrowed chords and oscillating between key centers.
“`
“A minor” (‘i’),
“D7” (‘IV7’),
“G Major” (‘VII’),
“D Major” (‘IV’),
“C# dim” (‘ii°’),
“F# minor” (‘vi’),
“E Major” (‘V’),
“E7” (‘V7’)
“`
2. “Tonight, Tonight” by The Smashing Pumpkins also makes use of borrowed chords and unusual shifts from major to minor.
“`
“D Major” (‘I’),
“G Major” (‘IV’),
“F# minor” (‘iii’),
“B minor” (‘vi’),
“E Major” (‘II’),
“G Major” (‘IV’),
“D Major” (‘I’),
“A Major” (‘V’)
“`
Both examples present unexpected and innovative harmonic progressions, an aspect they share with “Because”.

Musical Analysis

This progression incorporates an interesting mix of both borrowed chords and secondary dominants. The harmony begins straightforward with the tonic, a C# minor chord. Then, it moves to the D# half-diminished 7, a seventh chord built on the second degree of the minor scale. Following this, The progression effectively transitions into a new harmonic landscape using secondary dominant chords that resolve deceptively to A Major. A9 Major and A13 Major, are extensions of the A Major chord, and provide further harmonic interest.

In the progression, both “D Major” and “D diminished 7” are examples of borrowed chords. “D Major” is borrowed from the parallel major, and “D diminished 7” is the leading-tone diminished 7 of the key.

Overall Analysis

The song constantly oscillates around C#m, which is the presumed root key. Harmonically, the 8-bar verse progression involves the frequent use of borrowed chords, as well as secondary dominants, which are frequently used in the Beatles’ compositions, to provide a colorful and subtle tension.

Style Analysis

“Because” showcases the harmonic inventions typical of the Beatles. The song’s use of borrowed chords and secondary dominants equips it with a sense of sophistication beyond typical rock and pop songs. The constant tonal shifts create an air of mystery and unpredictability, a style note which became a key feature of the Beatles later works.

Chords in the Verse 3 section of Because by The Beatles are:

[‘C#m’, ‘C#m’, ‘D#m7b5’, ‘G#7/D#’, ‘A’, ‘C#m’, ‘A9’, ‘A13’, ‘D’, ‘Ddim7’, ‘C#m’, ‘C#m’]