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Related Music Theory Alchemy

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The song, ‘Across the Universe’ by The Beatles is uniquely complex in its melody and chord progression. The song modulates or shifts key but is rooted mainly in D major. The song utilizes the standard rock/pop song structure of Verse, Chorus, and Outro. The unusual facet of this song’s composition is the use of borrowed chords (non-diatonic chords) that add unexpected twists to an otherwise typical chord progression.

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“A Hard Day’s Night” by The Beatles, despite seeming to have a simple structure, is quite unique in its musical composition. The progression varies from standard rock, pop, and folk structure by integrating unique transitions and slightly unconventional chord choices.

Verse

The chord progression in Verse 2 of Beck’s “Say Goodbye” showcases a unique blend of chords that are not commonly heard together in popular music. The mix of major, minor, and borrowed chords creates an interesting and engaging sound. Its distinctive quality can be found in the use of the A# major chord, which is not diatonic to the key of G major.

This chord progression is in the key of C Major, but incorporates a variety of borrowed chords and slash chords that add complexity and color to the song. It’s a good example of how Elton John takes popularly-used chord progressions and puts his own unique spin on them.

“And I Love Her” by The Beatles is predominantly set within the key of F# minor. Apart from the chorus that momentarily modulates to the key of D minor, the verses embrace a darker, melancholic atmosphere portrayed by the minor keys. The tonal structure and chord progressions in the song are reflective of the band’s exploration of intricate harmonies, going beyond the simple three-chord structures of many contemporary pop songs of the time.

The Beatles – Across The Universe – Verse 2

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Chord Progression

[‘D’, ‘Bm’, ‘F#m’, ‘Em7’, ‘A’, ‘A7’, ‘D’, ‘Bm’, ‘F#m’, ‘Em7’, ‘A’, ‘A7’]

Chord Progression Analysis

Here is the chord progression for Verse 2:

1. D Major (I)
2. B minor (vi)
3. F# minor (iii)
4. E minor 7 (ii7)
5. A Major (V)
6. A7 (V7)
7. D Major (I)
8. B minor (vi)
9. F# minor (iii)
10. E minor 7 (ii7)
11. A Major (V)
12. A7 (V7)

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E minor 7 is a borrowed chord from the parallel minor key (D minor).
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Similar Chord Progressions

Elton John’s “Your Song” features a similar chord progression:

1. Eb Major (I)
2. Bb minor (v)
3. G# minor (iii)
4. F minor 7 (ii7)
5. Bb Major (V)
6. Bb7 (V7)

The Police’s “Every Breath You Take” also shows a similar progression:

1. G Major (I)
2. E minor (vi)
3. B minor (iii)
4. A minor 7 (ii7)
5. D Major (IV)
6. D7 (IV7)

Musical Analysis

The progression starts with the tonic chord D major, providing a grounded, peaceful opening. It then progresses to B minor, the relative minor of D, adding a hint of sadness.

F# minor is the mediant chord, which often feels somewhat ambiguous due to its placement between the tonic and subdominant. Following F# minor is E minor 7, a borrowed chord from D minor that enhances the melancholy mood.

This progression concludes with a perfect cadence A Major to A7, exerting a strong pull back to the key’s tonic chord, D Major. This movement creates an emotional resolution after the melancholic journey through the previous chords.

Overall Analysis

Across the Universe by The Beatles is a melancholic, introspective piece set in the key of D major, imbuing an overall sound spectrum that’s somber with a hint of hopeful resolution. The chord progression utilizes both diatonic and borrowed chords, making it both unusual and interesting.

Style Analysis

Featuring a mix of major and minor as well as borrowed chords, this progression is characteristic of The Beatles’ ability to blend simple melodic elements with sophisticated harmonic techniques. The use of the borrowed chord (Em7) from the parallel minor key is a common Beatles’ trick to add colour, tension, and emotional depth, keeping the audience guessing.

Chords in the Verse 2 section of Across The Universe by The Beatles are:

[‘D’, ‘Bm’, ‘F#m’, ‘Em7’, ‘A’, ‘A7’, ‘D’, ‘Bm’, ‘F#m’, ‘Em7’, ‘A’, ‘A7’]