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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Across The Universe” by The Beatles, written mostly by John Lennon, is known for its rich and complex harmonic structures that added new dimensions to pop music. The song is predominately in the key of D major, with occasional borrowings from the parallel minor (D minor) and the closely-related key of B minor. The verse 1 progression – D, Bm, F#m, Em7, A, A7, D, Bm, F#m, Em7, Gm – creates an affectingly melancholic mood through its mix of major, minor and borrowed chords, producing a unique ambience that evokes a sense of cosmic contemplation, matching with the philosophical lyrics of the song.

“Strawberry Fields Forever” by The Beatles is a psychedelic rock song often regarded as one of their finest works. It’s innovative from both a melodic and harmonic perspective, using complex chord structures, chromatic touches, and key changes. The song is primarily in the key of E major.

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“Cant Buy Me Love” by The Beatles is a pure example of their early rock-and-roll style influenced by blues. It uses common chord progressions in rock and blues, such as the I-IV-V progression and the use of dominant 7th chords. The song is set in C major, and makes repeated use of the I-IV (C-F) progression. A significant feature in the song is the use of the dominant 7th chords (C7 and F7), which adds some bluesy quality to the song and also serves as a transition chord to the next chord in the progression.

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The given chord progression is from Beck’s song “Sexx Laws” and runs as follows: B, G#, B, G#, B, G#, A, F#. This progression features chords mainly from the B Major key, but includes borrowed chords from the parallel minor key as well. The harmonic movement showcases Beck’s interesting approach to songwriting and shows some influence from the soul and funk genres.

“Landslide” by The Smashing Pumpkins is a cover of a popular folk-rock song by Fleetwood Mac. In this song, The Smashing Pumpkins show their alternative rock style, while also paying homage to the folk-rock genre and especially to the founder of Folk-Rock “Fleetwood Mac”. The chords used throughout the song are predominantly composed in the key of G major, with the occasional use of a common borrowed chord (Am) from the G minor key.

The Beatles – Across The Universe – Verse 2

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Chord Progression

[‘D’, ‘Bm’, ‘F#m’, ‘Em7’, ‘A’, ‘A7’, ‘D’, ‘Bm’, ‘F#m’, ‘Em7’, ‘A’, ‘A7’]

Chord Progression Analysis

Here is the chord progression for Verse 2:

1. D Major (I)
2. B minor (vi)
3. F# minor (iii)
4. E minor 7 (ii7)
5. A Major (V)
6. A7 (V7)
7. D Major (I)
8. B minor (vi)
9. F# minor (iii)
10. E minor 7 (ii7)
11. A Major (V)
12. A7 (V7)

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E minor 7 is a borrowed chord from the parallel minor key (D minor).
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Similar Chord Progressions

Elton John’s “Your Song” features a similar chord progression:

1. Eb Major (I)
2. Bb minor (v)
3. G# minor (iii)
4. F minor 7 (ii7)
5. Bb Major (V)
6. Bb7 (V7)

The Police’s “Every Breath You Take” also shows a similar progression:

1. G Major (I)
2. E minor (vi)
3. B minor (iii)
4. A minor 7 (ii7)
5. D Major (IV)
6. D7 (IV7)

Musical Analysis

The progression starts with the tonic chord D major, providing a grounded, peaceful opening. It then progresses to B minor, the relative minor of D, adding a hint of sadness.

F# minor is the mediant chord, which often feels somewhat ambiguous due to its placement between the tonic and subdominant. Following F# minor is E minor 7, a borrowed chord from D minor that enhances the melancholy mood.

This progression concludes with a perfect cadence A Major to A7, exerting a strong pull back to the key’s tonic chord, D Major. This movement creates an emotional resolution after the melancholic journey through the previous chords.

Overall Analysis

Across the Universe by The Beatles is a melancholic, introspective piece set in the key of D major, imbuing an overall sound spectrum that’s somber with a hint of hopeful resolution. The chord progression utilizes both diatonic and borrowed chords, making it both unusual and interesting.

Style Analysis

Featuring a mix of major and minor as well as borrowed chords, this progression is characteristic of The Beatles’ ability to blend simple melodic elements with sophisticated harmonic techniques. The use of the borrowed chord (Em7) from the parallel minor key is a common Beatles’ trick to add colour, tension, and emotional depth, keeping the audience guessing.

Chords in the Verse 2 section of Across The Universe by The Beatles are:

[‘D’, ‘Bm’, ‘F#m’, ‘Em7’, ‘A’, ‘A7’, ‘D’, ‘Bm’, ‘F#m’, ‘Em7’, ‘A’, ‘A7’]