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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Hurt” is a song written and composed by Trent Reznor, best known for its version covered by Johnny Cash in C major. The song employs a commonly used pop/rock chord progression (vi- IV- I- V), that aids the conveyance of the theme of regret and redemption. The use of the minor vi chord (Am) as the starting point of the progression provides a very melancholy feel that aligns with the overall tone of regret in the lyrics. The progression then moves to a major IV (F), suggestive of a brief glimpse of hope or relief, before settling into the home key of C. The progression rounds off with a V chord (G), propelling the sequence back to the beginning again, giving a cyclic, repeating, and enduring feel to the music.

The song “Every Day Is Exactly The Same” by Nine Inch Nails has a dark and moody atmosphere, characterized by the repetitive chord progression that sets the gloomy tone. This prolific use of chords throughout snippets of the song creates a musical portrait of monotony and disillusion which is reflective of the song’s title and lyrics. Looking at the chords provided from the second verse, this mood is accomplished through the consistent use of minor tonalities and alternation between two power chords – E and C.

The song “Something” by The Beatles has a key center in C major. However, it modulates from time to time using a variety of techniques including secondary dominance and borrowed chords. It is a fine example of George Harrison’s complex songwriting and his adroitness at seamlessly weaving together uncommon chord progressions. Harrison employs an array of chords to inject a rich, nuanced musical quality to the song.

The chord progression “[‘Em’, ‘Am’, ‘D’]” from the outro of Weezer’s “The Good Life” is a simple, yet effective progression in the key of E minor. It demonstrates a melancholic feel common to alternative rock and power-pop music genres of the 1990s. The chords in this progression are borrowed from the E natural minor scale.

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The song, ‘Across the Universe’ by The Beatles is uniquely complex in its melody and chord progression. The song modulates or shifts key but is rooted mainly in D major. The song utilizes the standard rock/pop song structure of Verse, Chorus, and Outro. The unusual facet of this song’s composition is the use of borrowed chords (non-diatonic chords) that add unexpected twists to an otherwise typical chord progression.

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Nine Inch Nails – Hurt – Outro

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Chord Progression

[‘D’, ‘E’, ‘Bm’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘Bm’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘Bm’, ‘D’, ‘E’]

Chord Progression Analysis

The outro of this piece follows a three-chord progression for the most part, with a repetition of the sequence D, E, Bm. This would be an IV-v-i progression in the key of B Minor. Translates to:
“`bash
D Major (‘IV’)
E Major (‘v’)
B Minor (‘i’)
“`
For reference, the v chord is actually a borrowed chord from the parallel major key of B Major, as the natural state in a minor key would have been E minor.

Similar Chord Progressions

Many songs utilize similar chord progressions. The IV-v-i progression finds a close relative in the IV-V-I progression, synonymous with songs like “Let it Be” by the Beatles. The difference lies in the final chord being major instead of minor. Another song demonstrating a chromatic mediants relationship similar to D, E, Bm would be “Creep” by Radiohead.

“Let it Be” by The Beatles:
“`bash
C Major (IV)
G Major (V)
F Major (I)
“`
“Creep” by Radiohead:
“`bash
G Major (‘I’)
B Major (‘III’)
C Major (‘IV’)
C Minor (‘iv’)
“`

This IV-v-i progression used in “Hurt” is fairly unique in the sense that it uses the major V instead of the expected minor v in a minor key. The borrowed chord combined with the melancholic B minor allows Nine Inch Nails to craft a hauntingly beautiful soundscape, characteristic of their music.

Musical Analysis

The D major and E major chords lend a sense of uplifting resolve since both chords are principals in the parent scale of B minor. This, coupled with the heavy use of B minor creates a deep, melancholic mood that is typical for Nine Inch Nails and their dark alternative brand of rock music. The progression doesn’t leave the tonic B Minor too far behind, giving the song a somber atmosphere.

Overall Analysis

“Hurt”, written by Nine Inch Nails, exudes melancholy and despair through a slow progression that weaves intricate melodies between the chords. The tonality is primarily in B minor, but introduces D, E, A, and G chords throughout, indicating some mode mixture or borrowed chord use.

Style Analysis

“Hurt” encapsulates the industrial rock style of Nine Inch Nails, which combines elements of rock with electronic music. The simple, repetitive chord progression gives room for the haunting lyrics and intense, emotional vocals. The use of the borrowed chord helps create an unexpected shift in the tonality, adding to the unsettling nature of the music.

Chords in the Outro section of Hurt by Nine Inch Nails are:

[‘D’, ‘E’, ‘Bm’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘Bm’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘Bm’, ‘D’, ‘E’]