Music Theory Alchemy

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The chord progression in the outro of Beck’s “Say Goodbye” is an interesting combination of diatonic and chromatic elements. The use of the borrowed chord A# major in the mostly diatonic setting adds an unexpected twist to the progression, creating a unique and expressive harmonic landscape.

“Think I’m In Love” by Beck is a pop-infused indie rock piece that features an easy-going, catchy melody and a simple yet effective chord progression. The use of repetitive chords throughout the Outro creates a sense of stability and familiarity. The Outro builds upon the tonal center of F Major established earlier in the song and prolongs the tonic, adding to the song’s overall sense of closure and resolution.

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“Riptide,” by Vance Joy has a classic, highly repetitive chord progression that creates the folk/pop character of the song. It is written in the key of C Major and uses the simplified I-IV-vi progression, which is also widely used in pop music. In addition, it has a common modulated transition via V chord (G) to the vi chord (Am). There are no borrowed chords in this progression. This repetitive structure can be appealing due to its simplicity and familiarity.

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David Bowie’s song, “Space Oddity,” is typically interpreted as being in the key of C Major. It’s an interesting song harmonically, featuring not just Primary Triads and Secondary Dominants but also uses Borrowed Chords, non-functional harmony, and chromatic chord changes. The kind of harmonic movement might be called Bowie’s deviation from the traditional harmonic patterns, which is part of what gives his music its characteristic ‘alien’ vibe. This progression has a more modal feeling due to the use of borrowed chords and the shifted tonal center.

The given chord progression of Weezer’s “California Kids” features a verse in the key of C major. The progression primarily uses diatonic chords, with a more unconventional movement that features the use of a C/B chord, or I chord with the bass note played in the seventh degree (leads to tonicization of the vi chord). The progression also features a common IV-V movement that is a characteristic of pop and rock music.

Beck – Say Goodbye – Verse 1

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Chord Progression

G, A#, Am, C, G, A#, Am, C

Chord Progression Analysis

G major (I) – A# major (bIII) – A minor (II) – C major (IV)
G major (I) – A# major (bIII) – A minor (II) – C major (IV)

“` Borrowed Chord: A# major (bIII) from G minor “`

Similar Chord Progressions

1. Radiohead – “No Surprises”
Chord progression: F major (I) – Ab major (bIII) – G minor (II) – Bb major (IV)
2. David Bowie – “Space Oddity”
Chord progression: C major (I) – Eb major (bIII) – F major (IV) – G major (V)

Both of these examples demonstrate progressions rooted in the major key, utilizing diatonic and borrowed chords, closely resembling the chord progression found in “Say Goodbye.”

Musical Analysis

The verse progresses with a repetition of the same four chords, creating a continuous loop. Using the diatonic chords I, II, and IV (G, A minor, and C major respectively) roots the progression within the key of G major, while the inclusion of the borrowed chord A# major from the key’s parallel minor (G minor) adds tension and chromaticism to the harmony. The borrowed chord acts as a surprising element in the chord progression, pulling the listener’s ear away from the otherwise diatonic context. Overall, the harmonic movement between these chords contributes to the somewhat melancholic and introspective character of the song.

Overall Analysis

The chord progression of “Say Goodbye” by Beck uses a combination of diatonic and borrowed chords within the key of G major. The verse features a total of 8 chords: G major, A# major, A minor, and C major. The use of a borrowed chord (A# major) adds an interesting twist to the progression and provides a unique color to the harmony.

Style Analysis

“Say Goodbye” utilizes a combination of traditional diatonic harmony and chromaticism that is characteristic of alternative/indie rock late 20th-century musical styles, blending the familiar with the unexpected. Beck’s music often contains quirky harmonic choices in chord progressions, integrating elements of rock, folk, and pop.

Chords in the Verse 1 section of Say Goodbye by Beck are:

G, A#, Am, C, G, A#, Am, C