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The song “The Outsider” by A Perfect Circle has a main key signature of E major, as indicated by the repeated occurrences of the chords B, A, and E. The overall structure is tonal, using chords common in Western music. Some elements of modality are observable though, with the use of the C chord, which in traditional music theory would be considered a borrowed chord from the parallel E minor scale. A sense of tension and release is created through the use of these non-diatonic chords, which ultimately helps to maintain the listener’s interest.

The chord progression in the interlude of “Are We Still Friends?” by Tyler, The Creator is a simple yet effective progression that moves from the tonic chord to a dominant seventh, followed by a subdominant chord, and finally a minor subdominant chord. The progression creates an interesting shift in tonality that is common in jazz and soul music, which are styles that Tyler is known to incorporate into his work.

“In My Life” is a song by The Beatles from the 1965 album Rubber Soul. It is written in the key of A Major, beloved for its introspective lyrics and harmonic structure. The chord progression is complex and contains several borrowed chords and secondary dominants, displaying an impressive use of tonality that is characteristic of the band’s sophisticated songwriting.

“Kashmir” by Led Zeppelin is a classic rock song that is well-known for its distinctive and mysterious sound. This interlude, in particular, creates a sense of tension and resolution through its simple but effective chord progression. The overall harmonic structure is built on a modal mixture, drawing from both the major and minor modes, which contributes to its unique atmosphere.

A Perfect Circle – Gravity – Interlude

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Chord Progression

[‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘G#m’]

Chord Progression Analysis

“`
C# minor (‘i’),
F# major (‘V’),
C# minor (‘i’),
F# major (‘V’),
C# minor (‘i’),
F# major (‘V’),
C# minor (‘i’),
F# major (‘V’),
G# minor (‘vi’)
“`
In the interlude, the song features a repeated i-V progression before resolving to the vi (G#m) chord, which is not a borrowed chord but still within the C# minor key.

Similar Chord Progressions

One example of a similar chord progression can be found in “Black” by Pearl Jam:
“`
E (‘i’),
A (‘V’),
E (‘i’),
A (‘V’),
E (‘i’),
A (‘V’),
E (‘i’),
A (‘V’),
B (‘vi’)
“`
This also demonstrates a predominant i-V progression, with a resolution to vi. However, the key is E minor as compared to “Gravity”‘s C# minor.

Musical Analysis

This song has an atypical chord progression for rock, mostly cycling between the tonic (i) and dominant (V), not fully resolving until it hits the submediant (vi), which provides a sensation of tension and release. The frequent use of minor chords also adds to the melancholic and atmospheric feel of the song.

Overall Analysis

The song “Gravity” by A Perfect Circle is principally in the key signature of C# minor, which is categorically a minor scale. The primary chords used throughout the song are C#m, F#, and G#m, with the addition of E occasionally. The overall chord progression is quite consistent, with alternative lose touch of the conventional nature of chord progressions in pop and rock music.

Style Analysis

“Gravity” has an alternative rock style, characterized by its moody and atmospheric textures. This is facilitated by the simple, repetitive chord progression which creates a hypnotic effect. The emphasis on minor chords also contributes to a somewhat melancholic and introspective tone, common within alternative rock music.

Chords in the Interlude section of Gravity by A Perfect Circle are:

[‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘G#m’]