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Related Music Theory Alchemy

David Bowie’s song, “Space Oddity,” is typically interpreted as being in the key of C Major. It’s an interesting song harmonically, featuring not just Primary Triads and Secondary Dominants but also uses Borrowed Chords, non-functional harmony, and chromatic chord changes. The kind of harmonic movement might be called Bowie’s deviation from the traditional harmonic patterns, which is part of what gives his music its characteristic ‘alien’ vibe. This progression has a more modal feeling due to the use of borrowed chords and the shifted tonal center.

The “Glory Box” by Portishead chorus progression is based in D minor and moves between this primary D minor chord and three other chords: Dm/C, Bm7b5, and Bbmaj7. The Dm/C chord is the same as the D minor, but with a different note in the bass (C). The Bm7b5 is a half-diminished chord. The Bbmaj7 is major seventh chord.

“Kiss” is a funk, synthpop song written, produced and performed by Prince. The song’s structure runs around a simple, repeated two-bar eight-note pattern, but what’s odd is the song’s key. Dotting between E and D, it’s hard to pin down definitively, but the song seems to be written in the ambiguous key of E Mixolydian/D major.

The chord progression in the chorus of Muse’s “Apocalypse Please” consists of a mix of diatonic chords and borrowed chords from the parallel major and minor keys. The progression features strong harmonic movement with a pivot modulation. Muse is known for their dramatic, often symphonic rock sound, and this progression is no exception in showing off their signature style. The progression also shares some similarities with other artists’ works in both structure and harmonic content.

David Bowie – Space Oddity – Chorus

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Chord Progression

[‘Fmaj7’, ‘Em’, ‘Fmaj7’, ‘Em’, ‘Bb’, ‘Am’, ‘G’, ‘F’]

Chord Progression Analysis

Here is the roman numeral analysis of the chorus:

“`
-Fmaj7 (IVmaj7)
-Em (iii)
-Fmaj7 (IVmaj7)
-Em (iii)
-Bb (bVII)
-Am (vi)
-G (V)
-F (IV)
“`

Similar Chord Progressions

The Beatles’ “Let It Be” also includes usage of the IVmaj7 chord, but it resolves to the tonic instead of using a modal interplay like in “Space Oddity”. The progression in “Let It Be” goes as follows:

“`
C (I)
G (V)
Am (vi)
Fmaj7 (IVmaj7)
C (I)
G (V)
F (IV)
C (I)
“`

The Rolling Stones’ “You Can’t Always Get What You Want” features a similar borrowed bVII chord (Bb in key of C), used in its chorus:

“`
C (I)
F (IV)
Bb (bVII)
C (I)
“`

Though these progressions have elements similar to “Space Oddity,” the uniqueness of Bowie’s craftsmanship and his combination of different techniques make his progression stand out.

Musical Analysis

This chord progression has numerous key features that highlight Bowie’s innovative songwriting. Firstly, the Fmaj7 (IVmaj7) to Em (iii) creates an interesting modal mixture that is further distinguished by his use of a major seventh chord. Secondly, the Bb (bVII) is a borrowed chord from C Mixolydian, a parallel mode which is often used to create tension or a ‘bluesy’ feel. This chord is then followed by a common vi-V-IV progression that helps to resolve the tension established earlier on.

Overall Analysis

The song “Space Oddity” by David Bowie features a complex and varied chord progression that incorporates elements of both traditional and experimental popular music. The song is in the key of C Major, and its progression is characterized by the use of modal interchange, or the borrowing of chords from parallel scales. This is indicative of Bowie’s varied musical influences, combining elements of folk, rock, and pop while also incorporating experimental techniques associated with progressive rock.

Style Analysis

“Space Oddity” contains stylistic elements characteristic of the contemporary folk and early art/progressive rock genres. The use of seventh chords, borrowed chords, and modal interchange are hallmarks of these genres and indicative of a departure from the simpler triadic harmonies of traditional pop music. The thoughtfully arranged chord progression helps to evoke the song’s themes of loneliness and introspection.

Chords in the Chorus section of Space Oddity by David Bowie are:

[‘Fmaj7’, ‘Em’, ‘Fmaj7’, ‘Em’, ‘Bb’, ‘Am’, ‘G’, ‘F’]