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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Your Song” by Elton John is an iconic pop ballad featuring a piano-driven accompaniment. Harmonically, the song displays rich and varied chord progressions within key of D major, though with a significant usage of borrowed chords and alterations that contribute to a unique and expressive harmonic language. There is a classical and cinematic air about this song establishing it as a flagship Elton John classic.

“Sorry Seems to Be The Hardest Word” is in the key of E minor and shifts to the relative major (G major) at various points, it demonstrates Elton John’s mastery of the line between major and minor keys. It’s a melancholic song with a moderate tempo. The use of both minor and major chords in Elton John’s progression signifies the tension and release in the song’s melody and lyrics.

The song “Yesterday” by The Beatles is in the key of F major and spans chord I to VI. It is characterized by a deeply expressive melody and distinctive harmony. The chord progression seems simple, yet it makes full use of secondary dominants, borrowed chords, and subtly shifting tonal centers for narrative, which is a trademark of The Beatles’s songwriting style.

Muse’s “Can’t Take My Eyes Off You” is a rock interpretation of the classic 1967 pop song “Can’t Take My Eyes Off You” by Frankie Valli, which has been covered by various artists in different styles. The chord progression of the chorus is characterized by a series of diatonic chords, predominant in Western pop music. This progression follows a typical 1950’s “doowop” pattern present in countless pop and rock songs, utilizing the familiar circle of fourths movement (Dm-G-C) and establishing a straightforward harmonic rhythm.

Chord Progression Analysis with Roman Numerals (borrowed chords in code block):

D minor (iv) – G major (VII) – C major (I) – A minor (vi) – D minor (iv) – G major (VII) – C major (I) – A major (V/vi) – D minor (iv) – G major (VII) – C major (I) – A minor (vi) – D minor (iv) – G major (VII) – C major 7 (Imaj7) – C7 (I7) – C6 (I6) – C major (I) – Ab major (*bVI) – C major (I)

`* Ab major (bVI) is a borrowed chord from the parallel minor key (C minor).`

“Knights of Cydonia” by Muse features a harmonically straightforward chord progression within the rock style. This progression is primarily based in the key of E minor and centers around the Em, Bm, and A chords. Throughout the song, the driving rhythm, vocal melodies, and transitions between different sections contribute to its energetic and dramatic qualities.

Elton John – Your Song – Chorus

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Chord Progression

[‘A/C#’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em7’, ‘G’, ‘A/C#’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘Bm’, ‘Bm/A’, ‘Bm/G#’, ‘G6’, ‘D’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘A’, ‘Bm’, ‘Bm/A’, ‘Bm/G#’, ‘G6’, ‘D/F#’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘D’, ‘G/D’, ‘A/D’, ‘G/D’, ‘D’]

Chord Progression Analysis

The full list of chords and their roman numerals are as follows:

“`
A/C# (V6),
Bm (vi),
Em7 (ii7),
G (IV),
A/C# (V6),
Bm (vi),
Em (ii),
G (IV),
Bm (vi),
Bm/A (vi6),
Bm/G# (vi6/#5),
G6 (IVadd6),
D (I),
Em (ii),
G (IV),
A (V),
Bm (vi),
Bm/A (vi6),
Bm/G# (vi6/#5),
G6 (IVadd6),
D/F# (I6),
Em (ii),
G (IV),
D (I),
G/D (IV6),
A/D (V6),
G/D (IV6),
D (I)
“`

Similar Chord Progressions

Billy Joel’s “Just the Way You Are” exhibits a similar approach to chord progression. The chords provided in one line with roman numeral analysis would look something like this:

“`
D (I), Gmaj7 (IVmaj7), F#m (iii), Bm (vi), Em (ii), A (V), D (I), Gmaj7 (IVmaj7), F#m (iii), Bm (vi), Em (ii), A (V), D (I).
“`

Another similar progression can be seen in Carole King’s “You’ve Got a Friend”, with a slight twist in the key of A Major:

“`
A (I), Em/G (v6), D (IV), Bm (ii), F#m (vi), E (V), A (I).
“`

In both these cases, the songwriters use predominantly diatonic chords, similar to Elton John, and lean into common cadences such as VI – V and ii – V to solidify the tonal center.

Musical Analysis

The progression contains a lot of diatonic chords, including I, ii, IV, V, vi, and their inversions or variations. This helps establish D as the tonic while allowing for dynamic movement between chords.

Regarding non-diatonic chords, Bm/G# is a borrowed chord from the parallel minor, in this case, D minor. This is a common device used in pop and rock music and the baroque technique of changing the bass note under sustained chords is used with the Bm, Bm/A, Bm/G# sequence.

Overall Analysis

Your Song, like many of Elton John’s pieces, is known for its prominent piano accompaniment and strong melodic hooks. The song is in the key of D Major, which is why the frequent return to the D Major chord provides the sense of home and finality in the piece.

Style Analysis

“Your Song” highlights Elton John’s notable use of melodic and harmonic hooks to draw listeners in. Despite the relatively complex chord progressions, the song remains very accessible and singable, a characteristic of many of his most famous works.

Chords in the Chorus section of Your Song by Elton John are:

[‘A/C#’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em7’, ‘G’, ‘A/C#’, ‘Bm’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘Bm’, ‘Bm/A’, ‘Bm/G#’, ‘G6’, ‘D’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘A’, ‘Bm’, ‘Bm/A’, ‘Bm/G#’, ‘G6’, ‘D/F#’, ‘Em’, ‘G’, ‘D’, ‘G/D’, ‘A/D’, ‘G/D’, ‘D’]