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Related Music Theory Alchemy

The song “Yesterday” by The Beatles is in the key of F major and spans chord I to VI. It is characterized by a deeply expressive melody and distinctive harmony. The chord progression seems simple, yet it makes full use of secondary dominants, borrowed chords, and subtly shifting tonal centers for narrative, which is a trademark of The Beatles’s songwriting style.

“Maxwell’s Silver Hammer” is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album Abbey Road. It was written by Paul McCartney. The song is primarily in the key of D Major and exhibits a mix of major, minor, and dominant seventh chords. This verse progression manifests the distinctive Beatles’ sound which often includes chromaticism and prevalence of secondary dominants that link the chords together, giving a smooth flow and color to the harmonic progression.

“Disarm” by The Smashing Pumpkins is a piece that showcases a rather common chord progression structure in pop music, but with added embellishments and variations. The featured chords include Dsus, Em7, Cadd9, G, and Dsus/F# with a key signature suggesting that the song is in the key of G major or E minor. The prominent chord in the outro is Dsus which suggests that the song might be interpreted in the D Mixolydian mode. The use of the slash chord (D/F#) diversifies the sound of the progression and adds harmonic richness. This chord progression uses both diatonic and borrowed chords creating a familiar but interesting sound.

The key of the song is D major which makes it easier to analyze the chord progression according to the diatonic scale in the key of D Major.

The song “Hurt” by Nine Inch Nails has a tonal center around the key of B minor, as it is the most prominently featured chord in both the verse and chorus sections. The verse features a simple three-chord progression (Bm-D-E), and the chorus introduces additional chords (G, A). The outro mainly repeats the chords from the verse. The style of the piece can be characterized as haunting, melancholic, and somewhat minimalistic with only a few chords creating the harmonic landscape.

The Beatles – Yesterday – Outro

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Chord Progression

[‘Dm’, ‘G7’, ‘Bb’, ‘F’, ‘F’]

Chord Progression Analysis

In the context of the key of F Major:

1. D minor: Dm (‘vi)
2. G Dominant 7: G7 (‘V7)
3. B-flat Major: Bb (‘IV)
4. F Major: F (‘I)

“Dm – G7 – Bb – F – F”

Similar Chord Progressions

“Ain’t No Sunshine” by Bill Withers, another melancholic pop song, follows a similar chord progression:

Dm – E7 – Am – Am

This song, while in the key of Am, employs the relative major’s (C Major) Dominant 7th and similar to Yesterday, makes use of the relative minor at the start of the progression.

Musical Analysis

This progression begins with the relative minor (Dm), which sets a somewhat melancholic tone, typically associated with the minor key. This melancholy is made more complex moving to the dominant 7th (G7), which introduces slight tension due to the tritone interval between the 3rd and the 7th of the chord. This tension is then briefly released with a move to Bb, the subdominant of the key. This release is made final with the move to the tonic F major. The final tonic is repeated twice to emphasize stability.

Overall Analysis

“Yesterday” by The Beatles is a classic Pop song in F Major maintaining a 2/2 time signature. The song changes the chords frequently to create a rich harmonic texture, and is known for its iconic descending guitar melody.

Style Analysis

“Yesterday” is noted for its melancholic mood, primarily established through its chord progression that begins on the relative minor. Although in a major key, the song turns to minor and dominant 7th chords for a more complex harmonic narrative. Authorial traits of The Beatles manifest in this song with the frequent use of the sub-dominant chord, Bb, often employed to create a sense of conclusion and tranquillity.

Chords in the Outro section of Yesterday by The Beatles are:

[‘Dm’, ‘G7’, ‘Bb’, ‘F’, ‘F’]