Music Theory Alchemy

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“I Am The Walrus” is a composition by The Beatles that showcases a variety of chord progressions, rhythmic sensibilities, and melodic explorations that are representative of their signature sound. The song’s structure presents a complex and unorthodox harmonic design that is characteristic of The Beatles’ later experimental phase.

The pre-chorus 1 [‘A’, ‘A/G’, ‘Dadd9/F#’, ‘F’, ‘G’, ‘A’, ‘A/G’, ‘F’, ‘B7’] presents a series of descending bass notes provided by the root movement of these chords- from A to G (in ‘A/G’) to F# (in ‘Dadd9/F#’) and then repeated. This technique significantly enhances the melodic content of this progression. From a stylistic perspective, the song’s chord progression is enriched by the functional interplay of diatonic and non-diatonic elements over a changing tonal landscape.

The song “Penny Lane” written by the Beatles is in the key of A major. The structure of Verse 4, specifically, has a very effective use of both diatonic (belonging naturally to the key) and borrowed chords (taken from a different key or mode). They have incorporated secondary dominants, pivot modulation, and modal interchange which reflect their knowledge of musical theory and compositional skills.

The chord progression in “Breathe” by Pink Floyd is relatively simple, mostly alternating between two chords – Em and A7. However, this simplicity is quite effective in creating a relaxed, dreamy feel which is consistent with the overall theme of the song. This is a characteristic feature of Pink Floyd’s music, using simple chords and progressions to create a powerful emotional impact.

The song “It’s A Fire” by Portishead features complex harmonic structures, distinguished by a fusion of pop, rock, and elements of jazz harmonies. The band, known for their trip-hop style, employ chromatically richer harmony and non-diatonic chord progressions in this piece. The chord progression of ‘It’s A Fire’ is consistent with this approach as we see the frequent use of suspended and minor chords alongside major ones, which creates a sense of unresolved tension. Borrowed chords, usually taken from the parallel minor or major key, are also used frequently to add stylistic color to the harmony.

“Wicked Game” by Chris Isaak utilizes a repetitive three-chord-per-measure progression throughout the song. It is notable for its haunting, melancholic, and mysteriously romantic sound largely because of its repeated progression and very carefully chosen blend of major and minor chords, within the key signature of B minor.

The Beatles – I Am The Walrus – Verse 1

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Chord Progression

[‘A’, ‘A/G’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘A’, ‘A/G’, ‘C’, ‘D7’, ‘A’]

Chord Progression Analysis

The chord progression for the verse is as follows:

A Major (I), A/G (I bass inversion), C Major (♭III – Borrowed from the parallel minor), D Major (IV), A Major (I), A/G (I bass inversion), C Major (♭III – Borrowed from the parallel minor), D7 (IV7), A Major (I).

“`Borrowed Chords: C Major“`

Similar Chord Progressions

The use of borrowed chords can be seen in other songs from the 1960s psychedelic era. The Beach Boys’ “Good Vibrations” uses a similar technique, occasionally borrowing chords from the parallel minor in what would otherwise be a simple major key progression. A parallel can also be drawn to the work of Pink Floyd, in their song “See Emily Play”, which also creatively borrows chords to achieve a psychedelic sound.

Here is the progression which similar techniques were used (not the whole songs, just representative snippets):

Beach Boys – Good Vibrations: E Major (I), F# minor (ii), G Major (♭III – Borrowed from the parallel minor), A Major (IV), E Major (I)

Pink Floyd – See Emily Play: A Major (I), B Major (II), C Major (♭III – Borrowed from the parallel minor), D Major (IV), E Major (V)

Musical Analysis

The use of the borrowed chord C Major (♭III) from the parallel minor scale offers a chromatic and unexpected shift that contributes to the psychedelic and unpredictable nature of the song. The D7 chord in the progression introduces a dominant seventh, providing tension that resolves back to the tonic chord, A Major.

Overall Analysis

“I Am The Walrus” is a distinctive composition by the Beatles from their 1967 album “Magical Mystery Tour”. Known for its surreal lyrics and creative chord progression, the song displays the Beatles’ mastery of composition and their innovative use of harmony. The song features elements from psychedelic rock, a genre that the Beatles helped popularize during the mid-1960s.

Style Analysis

“I Am The Walrus” reflects the Beatles’ progression from their initial pop-rock sound into more experimental and avant-garde styles. The song’s unusual chord progression, abstract lyrics, and complex structure are hallmarks of psychedelic rock. The borrowed chords and modulation display a sophisticated understanding of music theory and suggest the influence of classical music and jazz on the Beatles’ songwriting.

Chords in the Verse 1 section of I Am The Walrus by The Beatles are:

[‘A’, ‘A/G’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘A’, ‘A/G’, ‘C’, ‘D7’, ‘A’]