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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“A Hard Day’s Night” by The Beatles is a song that was unusually complex and beautifully experimental. It uses rarely seen chord structures that emphasize both traditional tonality and borrowed tones from outside the key signature. This song is an excellent example of Beatles-style blending of rock & roll and pop music with elements of classical chord progressions and harmonies. It is also a great example of how The Beatles stretched the boundaries of diatonic harmony.

“Girl” by The Beatles is a classic example of their use of chromatic harmony and modal interchange. The chord progression shows complexity in both its chord choices and structure, a distinguishing feature in much of their music. By closely examining this piece, we can better understand The Beatles’ harmonic technique where they blend the techniques of classical music (like chromaticism and harmonic diversity) with pop songwriting.

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“You Can’t Always Get What You Want” by The Rolling Stones is built around major tonality and uses direct and simple progressions. It also features what are known as additive chords (Gadd9) – chords to which notes are added beyond the common triad. The song commences in the key of G Major, indicated by the G, Gadd9, and C chords. These chords progress in an almost continual cyclical pattern across the verses. Here, the dominant chord (D) in the key of G Major is absent, which grants a tonal ambiguity to the song. Interestingly, the song takes a departure into a different key later on which will not be included in this analysis as it pertains to the Verse only.

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“After You’ve Gone” is a jazz standard composed by Django Reinhardt. The verse progression of the song uses a combination of major, minor and dominant chords with some borrowed chords and secondary dominants, which is a hallmark of early jazz and swing music. The harmonic rhythm is mainly at a pace of one or two chords per bar, with occasional faster changes. The piece has a strong sense of tonal center around the key of G major.

“Hoppipolla” by Sigur Rós is a dreamy and atmospheric piece that showcases the band’s unique style. The chord progression in the verse consists of D#m, E, D#m, and E chords, which creates a simple and elegant harmonic structure. The use of open strings and melodically moving chords in this progression reflects the ethereal nature of this piece. This progression can be found in both rock and alternative music genres, as it uses the powerful major and minor chords found throughout these styles. The repetitive nature of the chord progression mirrors the band’s tendency to use slow-building and evolving textures in their compositions.

The Beatles – A Hard Days Night – Verse

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Chord Progression

[‘G’, ‘C’, ‘G’, ‘F’, ‘G’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘G’, ‘F’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘G’]

Chord Progression Analysis

“`
G Major (‘I’)
C Major (‘IV’)
G Major (‘I’)
F Major (‘♭VII’) – Borrowed from the parallel minor
G Major (‘I’)
G Major (‘I’)
C Major (‘IV’)
G Major (‘I’)
F Major (‘♭VII’) – Borrowed from the parallel minor
G Major (‘I’)
C Major (‘IV’)
D Major (‘V’)
G Major (‘I’)
C Major (‘IV’)
G Major (‘I’)
“`

Similar Chord Progressions

1. “Twist and Shout” (The Beatles)
“`
D Major (‘I’)
G Major (‘IV’)
A Major (‘V’)
D Major (‘I’)
“`
2. “Wild Thing” (The Troggs)
“`
A Major (‘I’)
D Major (‘IV’)
E Major (‘V’)
A Major (‘I’)
“`
3. “Three Little Birds” (Bob Marley)
“`
A Major (‘I’)
D Major (‘IV’)
E Major (‘V’)
A Major (‘I’)
“`

In the above progressions, the same I-IV-I-V pattern is used, but they don’t have the ‘bVII’ chord found in A Hard Day’s Night, making their transition smoother but perhaps not as distinctive or interesting.

Musical Analysis

The chord progression of “A Hard Day’s Night” verse plays around the I-IV chords with the addition of the ‘♭VII’ chord borrowed from the parallel minor of G major, which is G minor. This borrowing gives the song a distinctive, unexpected twist which is typically perceived as a key characteristic of Beatles’ songs, helping to give them an additional level of complexity.

Overall Analysis

“A Hard Day’s Night” by The Beatles, despite seeming to have a simple structure, is quite unique in its musical composition. The progression varies from standard rock, pop, and folk structure by integrating unique transitions and slightly unconventional chord choices.

Verse

Style Analysis

The Beatles, especially in their early years, often combined elements of rock-n-roll, British pop, and R&B, while ingeniously incorporating more unconventional elements into their songwriting. The ‘♭VII’ borrowed chord is a feature generally seen in blues music. Blues influence is observed in many Beatles songs, and this chord adds tension or surprise which soon resolves back to the tonic, creating a pleasurable musical experience.

Chords in the Verse section of A Hard Days Night by The Beatles are:

[‘G’, ‘C’, ‘G’, ‘F’, ‘G’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘G’, ‘F’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘G’]