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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Closer” by Nine Inch Nails, released in 1994, is a well-known song distinguished by its catchy synth lines, explosive percussion, and provocative lyricism. Hinged on a distinct, repeating synth bassline, the song employs a fundamental chord progression epitomizing the alternative rock and industrial genres. Its tonal centre revolves around the key of C# minor.

“Closer” by Nine Inch Nails works within a minimalist musical framework, where a few shiftless chords and tension-filled pentatonic melodies define the song. It inculcates a dark atmospheric mood through its instrumentation and harmony. The repetitive and consistent use of the Cm7 chord creates a haunting, pulsating groove that add to the atmospheric layer of the song.

“Wild Horses” by the Rolling Stones is a song in the key of G Major with a chord progression marked by the use of common chords and a few borrowed chords from other keys. The usage of minor and major chords conjures a variety of emotions synonymous with the mood of the song. The repetitive nature of the sequence creates a cyclical feeling that gives a strong sense of the song’s emotional journey.

“Eleanor Rigby’” is a song by The Beatles, released on their 1966 album “Revolver”. Being unusually somber and profound for a pop song, it showcases The Beatles’ expanding musical palette and their desire to move past the conventional parameters of popular music at the time. The song itself is crafted entirely around the key of E minor, with only occasional diversions to the IV chord (C Major). It strongly exhibits the use of Aeolian mode (commonly known as the ‘natural’ minor) and employs string quartet instrumentation, a unique stylistic pattern at that time.

This iconic Britpop song predominantly features the use of traditional tonal harmony found in pop songs throughout the late 20th century, and the verse specifically recalls the harmonic patterns utilized in the 1950s and 60s. The defining feature of this song (as is the case with many Oasis tunes) is the use of returning, resounding repetitions of simple chord sequences.

Nine Inch Nails – Closer – Verse 1

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Chord Progression

Cm7, Cm7, Cm7, Cm7

Chord Progression Analysis

C minor 7 (i7) repeats throughout Verse 1, Pre-Chorus 1, Verse 2, and Pre-Chorus 2, with no borrowed chords in these sections.

In the Chorus, the chords are:
F Major (IV) -> Cm7

Similar Chord Progressions

1. Radiohead – “Creep” (in the key of G major): C Major (IV) -> E minor (vi) -> G Major (I) -> C Major (IV) -> C minor (iv)
The use of the i7 in “Closer” is reminiscent of the iv chord utilized briefly in Radiohead’s “Creep.” The iv in this song also provides a dark, tense moment within an otherwise straightforward progression.

2. Depeche Mode – “Enjoy the Silence” (in the key of C minor): C minor (i) -> A♭ Major (VI) -> B♭ major (VII) -> E♭ major (III)
Although Depeche Mode’s “Enjoy the Silence” has a slightly more complex progression, it shares a similar dark and moody atmosphere with “Closer” by centering around a minor key.

In conclusion, “Closer” features a predominantly simplistic chord progression that is characterized by a somber and tense atmosphere. The heavy reliance on the Cm7 chord defines the song with its unresolved nature, creating a clear sense of the industrial rock style that Nine Inch Nails is known for.

Musical Analysis

The repetitive use of the Cm7 chord throughout the verses and pre-choruses generates a sense of brooding tension that defines the overall mood of the song. The i7 chord has a strong pull towards a resolution that never truly arrives, driving the listener to the next section of the song.

In the chorus, the brief move from the Cm7 chord to the F major chord provides a hint of brightness, acting as a deceptive resolution to the tension generated by the i7 chord. The return to the Cm7 chord in the second half of the chorus maintains the overall atmosphere of tension.

Overall Analysis

The chord progression in “Closer” by Nine Inch Nails is primarily centered around the Cm7 chord throughout the verses and pre-choruses, with the chorus briefly moving to the F major chord before returning back to Cm7. The song is in the key of C minor, and the chords used are mostly diatonic to the key, creating a dark and somewhat haunting atmosphere. The progression is simplistic but effective, establishing a strong sense of forward motion and tension that is fitting for the industrial rock style of the song.

Style Analysis

The moody, dark feel of “Closer” is characteristic of Nine Inch Nails’ industrial rock style. The arrangement, production, and heavy use of electronic elements add to this dark atmosphere, making it a typical example of their sound.

Chords in the Verse 1 section of Closer by Nine Inch Nails are:

Cm7, Cm7, Cm7, Cm7