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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Closer” by Nine Inch Nails is a song in the key of B minor, although it freely borrows chords from the parallel major key. The song’s structure is as follows: Verse – Pre-Chorus – Chorus – Verse – Pre-Chorus – Chorus – Bridge – Chorus – Instrumental.

“Hurt” by Nine Inch Nails features a melancholic and introspective chord progression. The song is predominantly in the key of B minor. The verse and outro sections revolve around the Bm, D, and E chords, while the chorus uses a progression of Bm, G, D, A. The use of borrowed chords enriches the harmonic landscape, adding depth to the composition.

The song ‘Today’ by The Smashing Pumpkins is a classic example of mixing major and minor modes in rock music. The majority of the song is modal, centered around D major and B minor. However, the bridge section changes gears and revolves around E minor.

“Good Vibrations” by The Beach Boys is highly complex and represents an exceptional use of harmonic structuring. The richness of the piece lies in Brian Wilson’s innovative and unpredictable songwriting, who was making significant use of modulation at the time, constantly shifting keys, in this case especially during the transition bridge.

“Maxwell’s Silver Hammer” is a Beatles song composed in the key of D Major. It’s a classic example of Paul McCartney’s knack for catchy pop songwriting. This song showcases McCartney’s affinity for borrowing chords to make his progressions more interesting.

Nine Inch Nails – Closer – Bridge

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Chord Progression

E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E

Chord Progression Analysis

Bridge – E Major (I), F# major (II), E Major (I), A major (IV), E Major (I), F# major (II), E Major (I), D# diminished (vii°), E Major (I)
Verse – B Major (V), C# minor (vi), B Major (V), C# minor (vi), G# minor (iii)
Pre-Chorus – Similar to verse
Chorus – C# minor (vi), F# major (II), B major (V), C diminished (ii°)
Instrumental – C# minor (vi)

Borrowed Chords:
The C diminished (ii°) chord in the chorus is borrowing from E harmonic minor.

Similar Chord Progressions

1. Radiohead – “Paranoid Android”
Verse – B major (I), C# minor (ii), G# minor (vi), E major (IV)
Chorus – F# major (V), B major (I), C# minor (ii)

2. Nirvana – “Smells Like Teen Spirit”
Verse – F# major (II), B major (V), G# minor (iii), E major (I)
Chorus – C# minor (vi), A major (IV), E major (I)

These examples share some overlapping chords and a similar harmonic structure, with alternating tension and release, contributing to the emotive qualities of each song.

Musical Analysis

The track employs a variety of rhythmic and tonal contrast to create a sense of tension and release. The verses showcase a frequent switch between the V and vi chords, creating a sense of instability and restlessness. The pre-chorus shares this quality, employing the same chords. The chorus departs slightly from this pattern, introducing the borrowed ii° chord for a heightened sense of tension. Finally, the bridge alternates between the I and II chords, providing a reprieve from the tension established in prior sections of the song.

Overall Analysis

Nine Inch Nails’ “Closer” is a unique blend of industrial rock, electronica, and alternative styles that has propelled the song to prominence as one of the band’s most famous and frequently played tracks. The song is in the key of E major and features a recurring chord progression throughout its various sections.

Style Analysis

Nine Inch Nails’ distinct industrial rock and electronic influences are evident in the heavy, distorted guitars and prominent synthesizers throughout “Closer.” The intricate drum patterns and use of atmospheric, processed sounds contribute to the overall aesthetic. Moreover, the chord progressions and melodic structure, especially the use of a borrowed chord in the chorus, lend a sense of unease and darkness, fitting of the band’s broader lyrical and thematic content.

Chords in the Bridge section of Closer by Nine Inch Nails are:

E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E, E, F#, E, A, E, F#, E, D#, E