Music Theory Alchemy

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The outro of Jeff Buckley’s “Hallelujah” features a chord progression in the key of C Major. It includes common chords from the key, as well as some borrowed chords from the parallel minor key (C minor), which adds a level of tension and emotion to the progression. The outro has a cyclical nature, with the chords leading smoothly back into the beginning and building a sense of conclusion.

“Hallelujah” by Jeff Buckley is a popular and iconic song that showcases Jeff Buckley’s unique vocal talent and emotional delivery. The song is in the key of C major and features a simple yet effective chord progression. The song’s memorable melody is accompanied by guitar, which uses arpeggiated fingerpicking. This adds to its musical depth and also creates dynamic rhythmic interest. The song builds in intensity as it progresses, and this, along with the powerful lyrics, contributes to the overall emotional impact of the piece.

“Something I Can Never Have” by Nine Inch Nails is a song with a dark and moody atmosphere. The chord progression in both the verse and chorus of the song features certain borrowed chords and chromatic tones that give the piece this distinctive quality. The song seems to be in the key of C Major, but certain chords from the parallel minor key (C Minor) are used to create a sense of tension and emotional turmoil.

“Wonderwall” by Oasis is a rock song with folk roots and a melodic pop influence. It uses the alternative rock idiom of harmony, which bestows the song with a sound leaning towards traditional folk and classic pop. The band utilizes common vintage chords mixed with modern progressions to create that identifiable Oasis sound.

The chorus of “Closer” by Nine Inch Nails is built around a progression that oscillates between a single major chord, F, and a single minor seventh chord, Cm7. This is quite minimalistic. Major chords usually have a happy, positive feel, while minor chords induce a somewhat sad, introspective mood. The use of C minor 7th gives a particular color to the progression: it’s a minor chord with an added minor seventh, which means it’s a bit less stable than a regular minor chord.

Jeff Buckley – Hallelujah – Chorus

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Chord Progression

F, Am, F, C, G, C, Am, C, Am

Chord Progression Analysis

F Major (IV) – A minor (vi) – F Major (IV) – C Major (I) – G Major (V) – C Major (I) – A minor (vi) – C Major (I) – A minor (vi)

Similar Chord Progressions

“Hallelujah” has influenced many artists, and its chord progression can be found in several popular songs, albeit with slight variations.

1. “Let It Be” by The Beatles:
C Major (I) – G Major (V) – A minor (vi) – F Major (IV) – C Major (I) – G Major (V) – F Major (IV) – C Major (I)

2. “Someone Like You” by Adele:
A Major (IV) – E Major (I) – F# minor (vi) – D Major (II) – A Major (IV) – E Major (I) – F# minor (vi) – D Major (II)

While neither of these progressions is identical to that of “Hallelujah,” they both contain elements of the original, such as a strong emphasis on the IV and vi chords, and the alternation between I and V or I and II chords. This underscores the enduring impact of “Hallelujah” on contemporary popular music.

Musical Analysis

The chorus begins with an F Major chord (IV), which has a strong pull back to the tonic (C Major, I). The subsequent A minor (vi) then acts as a substitute for F Major and effectively prolongs the subdominant, creating a sense of suspension. The progression then returns to F Major (IV) and resolves to the tonic (C Major, I). This is followed by a standard V-I cadence (G Major to C Major), reinforcing the tonal center.

The progression concludes with a series of alternating A minor (vi) and C Major (I) chords. This strikes a balance between stability and instability, providing a satisfying conclusion. It is important to note that the entire progression is composed of diatonic chords that belong to the key of C Major; no borrowed chords are present.

Overall Analysis

The chorus from Jeff Buckley’s rendition of “Hallelujah” in the key of C major beautifully demonstrates a diverse range of chords and harmonic techniques. The chord progression incorporates diatonic chords, borrowed chords, and some unexpected harmonic twists, all of which work together to create a sense of emotional depth and tension throughout the chorus.

Style Analysis

The chord progression is rooted in the pop/rock idiom, and the simplicity of the chords themselves is reminiscent of various traditions within popular music, including folk and gospel. Though “Hallelujah” is a deeply emotional song, the chorus’ straightforward progression allows the listener to focus on the poignant lyrics and Jeff Buckley’s expressive performance.

Chords in the Chorus section of Hallelujah by Jeff Buckley are:

F, Am, F, C, G, C, Am, C, Am