Music Theory Alchemy

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“Sorry Seems To Be The Hardest Word” is a song by Elton John written in the key of G major. However, the tonal center of this song fluctuates between G major and its relative minor, Em. Sensitive to the modality of the melody, Elton incorporates “color” via his diverse chord selections. The harmonic movement in this song is richly chromatic, creating a sense of tension and release that intensifies the melancholic aura of the lyrics.

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“Goodbye Yellow Brick Road,” written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin, is characterized by a lush, cinematic melody that encapsulates John’s knack for crafting pop ballad choruses. Its base key is D Major, showcasing a mix of diatonic, dominant seventh, and borrowed chords. Its diverse chord progression is reflective of Elton John’s diverse influences, which include pop, rock, blues, and classical music.

“And I Love Her” is a masterful composition by The Beatles that beautifully demonstrates their ability to mix pop songwriting with complexities of harmonic journey. The song is in the key of E Major, which is unique for being a popular song written by the Beatles in a major key. The main repeating chord progression of the Verse 3 is a progression that modulates between F# minor (the relative minor of A Major, which is the subdominant of E Major), and C# minor (the relative minor of E Major, the original key). The progression’s use of E6 at the end, which is a borrowed chord from the parallel minor (E minor), adds a unique flavor of sixth interval. Finally, it concludes on E6, a somewhat uncommon way to ground a song within a major key.

The chord progression can be divided into three main sections (please see the details below). The first section is based around the I chord (C), the second section introduces the IV chord (F), then it returns to the I chord. The third section introduces a borrowed chord (bVII – Bb from C Mixolydian), a V chord (G), then returns to the I chord with a brief excursion back to the V chord. There is repetition in this section with the return to the I chord.

The chord progression of the given segment from Muse’s “Apocalypse Please” reflects the band’s signature blend of rock, electronic, and classical music. The progression is in the key of F# minor and features some chromaticism and modal mixture, which is quite common in their style of music. The harmonic rhythm is mostly consistent, and the chords utilized provide a strong sense of direction and resolution throughout the verse.

Elton John – Sorry Seems To Be The Hardest Word – Verse 3

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Chord Progression

[‘Em’, ‘Am’, ‘D’, ‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘F#m7-5’, ‘B7sus4’, ‘Em’, ‘Em7’, ‘Am’, ‘F#m7-5’, ‘B7’, ‘Em’, ‘Am9’, ‘F#m7-5’, ‘B7’, ‘Em7’]

Chord Progression Analysis

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E minor (i), A minor (iv), D Major (VII), D7 (VII7), G Major (III), F#m7b5 (ii half-diminished 7), B7sus4 (V7sus4), E minor (i),
E minor 7 (i7), A minor (iv), F#m7b5 (ii half-diminished 7), B7 (V7), E minor (i), A minor 9 (iv9), F#m7b5 (ii half-diminished 7), B7 (V7), E minor 7 (i7)
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The D Major (VII) is a borrowed chord from E Dorian mode while the G Major (III) is a borrowed from E major key or the relative major of E minor. F#m7b5 and B7 are part of the diatonic chords in the E minor key, acting as the ii half-diminished 7 and V7, respectively. The use of B7sus4 and then resolving it to B7 creates a suspenseful atmosphere, increasing the emotional impact of the progression.

Similar Chord Progressions

There are a few other songs that use similar sophisticated chord progressions, such as “Something” by The Beatles, which also heavily uses borrowed chords and unconventional progressions for a pop song. The opening chord progression for “Something” is:

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C Major (I), Cmaj7 (IM7), C7 (Idom7), F Major (IV), D7 (VII7), G (V), Am (vi), Am/G (vi7)
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The opening chord progression of “Hotel California” by The Eagles is an another excellent example of a song that uses a similar harmonic structure:

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B Minor (i), F#/A# (V/vi), G (bVI), G/F# (bVI/V), D (IV), D/F# (IVmaj7/V), E (V), E/F# (V/I)
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Each of these songs, like “Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word,” uses borrowed chords and sophisticated harmonic structures to create a unique and emotional sound.

Musical Analysis

The verse begins with a typical minor progression, moving from the home key E minor (i) to A minor (iv), giving a melancholic mood to the verse. The descending bass line gives a rather more melancholic feel to the song. D Major (VII), a borrowed chord from the Dorian mode, means the progression lacks the strong back to tonic resolution. This makes the song sound more uncertain and complex. The substitution of F#m7b5 (ii half-diminished 7) for the usual ii diminished chord also adds an element of tension and dissonance.

Overall Analysis

“Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word” by Elton John employs interesting chord progressions and borrows chords from other modes and keys, contributing to its melancholy, yet dynamically expressive mood. The song is set in E minor and uses basic chord progressions, some more sophisticated ones, and many borrowed chords.

Style Analysis

Elton John employs a sophisticated harmony in his songs, often using borrowed chords or changing keys for added dimension. This song is characteristic of his style, showcasing his willingness to explore more complex harmonic relationships and extend traditional pop song structures.

Chords in the Verse 3 section of Sorry Seems To Be The Hardest Word by Elton John are:

[‘Em’, ‘Am’, ‘D’, ‘D7’, ‘G’, ‘F#m7-5’, ‘B7sus4’, ‘Em’, ‘Em7’, ‘Am’, ‘F#m7-5’, ‘B7’, ‘Em’, ‘Am9’, ‘F#m7-5’, ‘B7’, ‘Em7’]