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Related Music Theory Alchemy

The song “The Outsider” by A Perfect Circle frequently uses the chord progression [‘B’, ‘B’, ‘A’, ‘E’] in the key of E major. When viewing the chords through the lens of E major we can identify the chord progression as ii, ii, V, I. Furthermore, It shows some interesting harmonic decisions throughout. Most notably, the band makes use of borrowed chords which are chords taken from the parallel minor (in this case E minor). Here, the borrowed chords include A major and C major.

“Hey Jude,” written by The Beatles, charts a classic journey from tonic to dominant, with a detour through the subdominant and the minor dominant. It starts with a D chord (I), moves onto A (V), then A7 (V7) and back to D (I). The interlude features the progression D (I) – D7 (I7) – A7 (V7). This clever progression creates a momentary modulation to the key of G with the D7 chord, creating an interesting harmonic shift.

“In My Life” is a song by The Beatles from the 1965 album Rubber Soul. It is written in the key of A Major, beloved for its introspective lyrics and harmonic structure. The chord progression is complex and contains several borrowed chords and secondary dominants, displaying an impressive use of tonality that is characteristic of the band’s sophisticated songwriting.

The song “A Day in the Life” by the Beatles is known for its unique and striking musical features. The chord progression in the interlude, in particular, represents an example of the Beatles’ innovative approach to harmonic structure and tonal movement. This section is essentially a sequence of dominant-seventh chords that each resolve to the note a fifth below, a common harmonic progression known as the circle of fifths. The interlude features a prominent orchestral crescendo and transition that are hallmarks of the Beatles’ experimental approach to the use of orchestral instruments in rock music.

A Perfect Circle – Gravity – Interlude

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Chord Progression

[‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘G#m’]

Chord Progression Analysis

“`
C# minor (‘i’),
F# major (‘V’),
C# minor (‘i’),
F# major (‘V’),
C# minor (‘i’),
F# major (‘V’),
C# minor (‘i’),
F# major (‘V’),
G# minor (‘vi’)
“`
In the interlude, the song features a repeated i-V progression before resolving to the vi (G#m) chord, which is not a borrowed chord but still within the C# minor key.

Similar Chord Progressions

One example of a similar chord progression can be found in “Black” by Pearl Jam:
“`
E (‘i’),
A (‘V’),
E (‘i’),
A (‘V’),
E (‘i’),
A (‘V’),
E (‘i’),
A (‘V’),
B (‘vi’)
“`
This also demonstrates a predominant i-V progression, with a resolution to vi. However, the key is E minor as compared to “Gravity”‘s C# minor.

Musical Analysis

This song has an atypical chord progression for rock, mostly cycling between the tonic (i) and dominant (V), not fully resolving until it hits the submediant (vi), which provides a sensation of tension and release. The frequent use of minor chords also adds to the melancholic and atmospheric feel of the song.

Overall Analysis

The song “Gravity” by A Perfect Circle is principally in the key signature of C# minor, which is categorically a minor scale. The primary chords used throughout the song are C#m, F#, and G#m, with the addition of E occasionally. The overall chord progression is quite consistent, with alternative lose touch of the conventional nature of chord progressions in pop and rock music.

Style Analysis

“Gravity” has an alternative rock style, characterized by its moody and atmospheric textures. This is facilitated by the simple, repetitive chord progression which creates a hypnotic effect. The emphasis on minor chords also contributes to a somewhat melancholic and introspective tone, common within alternative rock music.

Chords in the Interlude section of Gravity by A Perfect Circle are:

[‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘C#m’, ‘F#’, ‘G#m’]