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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Yesterday” is predominantly composed in the key of F Major. The song is a classic in pop songwriting and showcases the effective use of borrowed chords to capture a unique, nostalgic sound that has made it one of the most covered songs in pop music. Specifically, in this verse, the use of secondary dominants and borrowed chords from the parallel minor key provides the song’s distinctive tonal color.

The song is in the key of A Major and it makes some interesting use of borrowed chords and modulations. The arrangement of the song is fairly typical rock/pop with a verse-chorus-bridge structure. The bridge utilizes a modulation to the relative minor key, F# minor.

“Knights of Cydonia” by Muse features a harmonically straightforward chord progression within the rock style. This progression is primarily based in the key of E minor and centers around the Em, Bm, and A chords. Throughout the song, the driving rhythm, vocal melodies, and transitions between different sections contribute to its energetic and dramatic qualities.

“Hey Jude” goes through a clear progression, switching through the keys of D major, A major and G major. Like many Beatles songs, it cleverly varies between these keys in keeping with the melody and mood of the piece. The complexity of this progression is part of the song’s charm and helps exemplifies the band’s creative approach to composition.

“Wild Horses” by The Rolling Stones is a rock ballad with a minor tonality and is composed in the key of G major. The song incorporates the use of modal interchange, more commonly referred to as borrowed chords, from the parallel minor. This common technique in rock music contributes to the melancholic and emotionally resonant feeling of the song.

The Beatles – Yesterday – Chorus

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Chord Progression

[‘Em7’, ‘A7’, ‘Dm’, ‘Dm/C’, ‘Bb’, ‘Gm’, ‘C’, ‘F’, ‘Em7’, ‘A7’, ‘Dm’, ‘Dm/C’, ‘Bb’, ‘Gm’, ‘C’, ‘F’]

Chord Progression Analysis

“`
Em7 (‘VI min7’), A7 (‘II dom7’), Dm (‘VI min’), Dm/C (‘VI min/C’),
Bb (‘IV maj’), Gm (‘II min’), C (‘V maj’), F (‘I maj’),
Em7 (‘VI min7’), A7 (‘II dom7’), Dm (‘VI min’), Dm/C (‘VI min/C’),
Bb (‘IV maj’), Gm (‘II min’), C (‘V maj’), F (‘I maj’)
“`
In this progression, A7 and Dm/C are the borrowed chords. The A7 acts as a secondary dominant, which leads to Dm and provides an interesting shift in the tonal center, creating a sense of tension and release. The Dm/C is borrowed from F Lydian mode, creating a smooth bass descent.

Similar Chord Progressions

-“Someone Like You” by Adele:
[‘Dmaj’, ‘Bmin’, ‘F#min’, ‘Dmaj’, ‘Gmaj’, ‘Dmaj’, ‘Gmaj’, ‘Dmaj’]
-“Hotel California” by The Eagles:
[‘Bmin’, ‘F#’, ‘A’, ‘E’, ‘G’, ‘D’, ‘Em’, ‘F#’]
Both of these songs also use a VI min chord and creating a similar sense of falling motion within the chord progression. Additionally, both songs also make use of a IV maj chord in a similar context to create a sense of resolution.

Musical Analysis

The progression begins and ends on the tonality of the song, F major, with a winding chromatic sequence in between that creates tension and release. The use of the borrowed chords A7 and Dm/C provides an unexpected shift in tonality, giving an element of surprise, and the shift from Dm to Bb and then to Gm creates a rich, mournful sound.

Overall Analysis

The song “Yesterday” by The Beatles is in the key of F major and spans chord I to VI. It is characterized by a deeply expressive melody and distinctive harmony. The chord progression seems simple, yet it makes full use of secondary dominants, borrowed chords, and subtly shifting tonal centers for narrative, which is a trademark of The Beatles’s songwriting style.

Style Analysis

The Beatles often made use of modal interchange and secondary dominants to add interest and depth to their chord progressions, and this song is no exception. The melody relies heavily on the notes of the underlying chords, giving the song a strong sense of harmonic progression.

Chords in the Chorus section of Yesterday by The Beatles are:

[‘Em7’, ‘A7’, ‘Dm’, ‘Dm/C’, ‘Bb’, ‘Gm’, ‘C’, ‘F’, ‘Em7’, ‘A7’, ‘Dm’, ‘Dm/C’, ‘Bb’, ‘Gm’, ‘C’, ‘F’]