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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“Stairway to Heaven” is a well-known song by Led Zeppelin, released in 1971 on their untitled fourth album, which is often referred to as “Led Zeppelin IV” or “Zoso.” The song, composed by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant, is a complex piece with various sections and stylistic influences. The section under analysis, Bridge 2, is a chord progression that serves as a connecting passage between the more tranquil sections of the song and the harder, rock aspects that follow. The chords are built on diatonic and chromatic elements, showcasing the band’s skill in creating evocative harmonic progressions.

The outro of “Kashmir” by Led Zeppelin features a simple alternating chord progression between G major and A major, which creates tension by avoiding a resolution to the tonic or dominant chords. This makes the progression sound unstable, yet well defined as it repeats. The recurring ascending motion creates a sense of lift throughout the outro, while the lack of a true resolution maintains a feeling of unease. This progression is notable for its simplicity, as well as how it invokes a modal sound that is characteristic of the mixolydian mode often used in rock music.

“Maxwell’s Silver Hammer” by The Beatles features a popular song structure and a mix of common chord progression techniques. The distinct progressions within the verse repeat throughout the song, but the chords and structures themselves are fairly common within rock and pop music. It mixes the standard I-IV-V (in this case, D-A-G) progression with the ii-V-I progression (in this case, Em-A-D), both of which are staples of songwriting in a variety of genres.

This song, “Boulevard Of Broken Dreams”, is arguably one of Green Day’s most iconic hits off their album “American Idiot”. Musically, it is set in the key of E minor, with an intermediate tempo. Its chord progression is simple but effective, proven by the song’s tremendous success.

This is a rich verse chord progression where The Beatles use diatonic and borrowed chords to enrich the melody. This progression follows their signature style of pop music with strong melodious and harmonic elements.

Led Zeppelin – Stairway To Heaven – Verse 5

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Chord Progression

Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F

Chord Progression Analysis

A minor (i), G major (VII), F major (VI), A minor (i), G major (VII), F major (VI), A minor (i), G major (VII), F major (VI), A minor (i), G major (VII), F major (VI), A minor (i), G major (VII), F major (VI), A minor (i), G major (VII), F major (VI), A minor (i), G major (VII), F major (VI), A minor (i), G major (VII), F major (VI), A minor (i), G major (VII), F major (VI)

Similar Chord Progressions

1. “While My Guitar Gently Weeps” by The Beatles: A minor (i), G major (VII), F major (VI), A minor (i), G major (VII), F major (VI).
2. “House of the Rising Sun” by The Animals: A minor (i), C major (III), D major (IV), F major (VI), A minor (i), E major (V), A minor (i), C major (III), E major (V).

Please note that while these progressions are not exactly the same as in “Stairway to Heaven,” they share similarities in structure and overall tonality.

Musical Analysis

The progression in Verse 5 alternates between the i, VII, and VI chords of the natural A minor scale. The use of only three different chords in this section provides a strong sense of stability and simplicity. The VII and VI chords have a descending motion providing a melodic contour that enhances the tension and release dynamic. There are no borrowed chords in this particular progression.

Overall Analysis

“Stairway to Heaven” by Led Zeppelin is recognized for its use of modal interchange, specifically borrowing chords from the parallel minor, and its distinct way of blending rock and folk music elements. This piece is in the key of A minor and the chord progression in Verse 5 is simple but quite effective.

Style Analysis

The simplicity and repetition of the chord progression contribute to the folk-like quality of “Stairway to Heaven.” Led Zeppelin is known for incorporating elements of blues, folk, and eastern music in their compositions, which contributes to the overall mystique and appeal of the piece. The use of acoustic guitar in the intro and verses further emphasizes the melding of rock and folk styles.

Chords in the Verse 5 section of Stairway To Heaven by Led Zeppelin are:

Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F, Am, G, F