Music Theory Alchemy

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“Hurt” is a song written and composed by Trent Reznor, best known for its version covered by Johnny Cash in C major. The song employs a commonly used pop/rock chord progression (vi- IV- I- V), that aids the conveyance of the theme of regret and redemption. The use of the minor vi chord (Am) as the starting point of the progression provides a very melancholy feel that aligns with the overall tone of regret in the lyrics. The progression then moves to a major IV (F), suggestive of a brief glimpse of hope or relief, before settling into the home key of C. The progression rounds off with a V chord (G), propelling the sequence back to the beginning again, giving a cyclic, repeating, and enduring feel to the music.

The chord progression in “Closer” by Nine Inch Nails is primarily centered around the Cm7 chord throughout the verses and pre-choruses, with the chorus briefly moving to the F major chord before returning back to Cm7. The song is in the key of C minor, and the chords used are mostly diatonic to the key, creating a dark and somewhat haunting atmosphere. The progression is simplistic but effective, establishing a strong sense of forward motion and tension that is fitting for the industrial rock style of the song.

Queen’s ‘Don’t Stop Me Now’ contains a rich mixture of chord progressions, which is typical of the band’s complex songwriting. The outro of the song makes use of the F, F7, Bb, and Gm7 chords. This progression is in the key of F Major, with F being the tonic (I), F7 being the dominant 7th (V7), Bb being the subdominant (IV) and Gm7 being the submediant 7th (vi7). The Bb chord is a borrowed chord from the parallel minor key (F Minor) and the usage of F7 serves to add a level of tension before resolving to the Bb.

The chord progression in the outro of Weezer’s “Undone – The Sweater Song” follows a repeating pattern with a combination of major and power chords. The overall key of the progression is G major, and the chords follow a predictable pattern that is rooted in rock and alternative music styles. The chord progression uses borrowed chords from the parallel key of G minor, specifically the B♭ major chord.

The chord progression of MGMT’s “Electric Feel” outro is in E Minor, and it features a combination of diatonic chords and a borrowed chord from the parallel major key. The progression creates a sense of tension and resolution, giving the outro a captivating and memorable quality. The song itself is a psychedelic, funk-infused electro-pop track, which enhances the trippy, mesmerizing vibe of the progression.

Nine Inch Nails – Hurt – Outro

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Chord Progression

[‘D’, ‘E’, ‘Bm’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘Bm’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘Bm’, ‘D’, ‘E’]

Chord Progression Analysis

The outro of this piece follows a three-chord progression for the most part, with a repetition of the sequence D, E, Bm. This would be an IV-v-i progression in the key of B Minor. Translates to:
“`bash
D Major (‘IV’)
E Major (‘v’)
B Minor (‘i’)
“`
For reference, the v chord is actually a borrowed chord from the parallel major key of B Major, as the natural state in a minor key would have been E minor.

Similar Chord Progressions

Many songs utilize similar chord progressions. The IV-v-i progression finds a close relative in the IV-V-I progression, synonymous with songs like “Let it Be” by the Beatles. The difference lies in the final chord being major instead of minor. Another song demonstrating a chromatic mediants relationship similar to D, E, Bm would be “Creep” by Radiohead.

“Let it Be” by The Beatles:
“`bash
C Major (IV)
G Major (V)
F Major (I)
“`
“Creep” by Radiohead:
“`bash
G Major (‘I’)
B Major (‘III’)
C Major (‘IV’)
C Minor (‘iv’)
“`

This IV-v-i progression used in “Hurt” is fairly unique in the sense that it uses the major V instead of the expected minor v in a minor key. The borrowed chord combined with the melancholic B minor allows Nine Inch Nails to craft a hauntingly beautiful soundscape, characteristic of their music.

Musical Analysis

The D major and E major chords lend a sense of uplifting resolve since both chords are principals in the parent scale of B minor. This, coupled with the heavy use of B minor creates a deep, melancholic mood that is typical for Nine Inch Nails and their dark alternative brand of rock music. The progression doesn’t leave the tonic B Minor too far behind, giving the song a somber atmosphere.

Overall Analysis

“Hurt”, written by Nine Inch Nails, exudes melancholy and despair through a slow progression that weaves intricate melodies between the chords. The tonality is primarily in B minor, but introduces D, E, A, and G chords throughout, indicating some mode mixture or borrowed chord use.

Style Analysis

“Hurt” encapsulates the industrial rock style of Nine Inch Nails, which combines elements of rock with electronic music. The simple, repetitive chord progression gives room for the haunting lyrics and intense, emotional vocals. The use of the borrowed chord helps create an unexpected shift in the tonality, adding to the unsettling nature of the music.

Chords in the Outro section of Hurt by Nine Inch Nails are:

[‘D’, ‘E’, ‘Bm’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘Bm’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘Bm’, ‘D’, ‘E’]