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Related Music Theory Alchemy

“1979” by The Smashing Pumpkins is written in the A major key and showcases various examples of modal interchange, also known as borrowed chords. The song switches often between the major and minor modes, providing a dynamic interplay of moods. The outro particularly stands out due to its use of both major and maj7th chords, a somewhat unusual combination. Emaj7 adds color and complexity to the progression, as a borrowed chord from the E major scale.

The song “1979” by The Smashing Pumpkins has a chord progression that can be considered experimental for Pop and Rock music, which typically tend to use simple and easily predictable progressions. In this song, the progression is notably more complex and unpredictable, shifting between ‘E’ and ‘Emaj7’ gives this track a moody feel, and the Amaj7 gives it another color. This progression is in the key of E major.

The “Like Clockwork” track by Queens of the Stone Age showcases a wide range of harmonic complexity. The track is in the key of F# minor and it is characterized by non-traditional chord progressions. From the range of chords used within the song, it’s clear that the song deviates from strict diatonic harmony, and freely borrows chords from parallel keys (modal mixture).

“Hurt” is a song written and composed by Trent Reznor, best known for its version covered by Johnny Cash in C major. The song employs a commonly used pop/rock chord progression (vi- IV- I- V), that aids the conveyance of the theme of regret and redemption. The use of the minor vi chord (Am) as the starting point of the progression provides a very melancholy feel that aligns with the overall tone of regret in the lyrics. The progression then moves to a major IV (F), suggestive of a brief glimpse of hope or relief, before settling into the home key of C. The progression rounds off with a V chord (G), propelling the sequence back to the beginning again, giving a cyclic, repeating, and enduring feel to the music.

The chorus maintains a feeling of resolution and tension by alternating between the IV (F major) and V (G major) chords, while the vi (A minor) to V/vi (E major) progression provides a smooth transition back to the IV chord (F major).

In terms of borrowed chords, the E Major is a borrowed chord.
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E major (V/vi)
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The Smashing Pumpkins – 1979 – Chorus 2

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Chord Progression

[‘E’, ‘Emaj7’, ‘Amaj7’, ‘E’, ‘Emaj7’, ‘Amaj7’, ‘E’, ‘Emaj7’, ‘Amaj7’, ‘B’]

Chord Progression Analysis

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* E (‘I’)
* Emaj7 (‘Imaj7’)
* Amaj7 (‘IVmaj7’)
* E (‘I’)
* Emaj7 (‘Imaj7’)
* Amaj7 (‘IVmaj7’)
* E (‘I’)
* Emaj7 (‘Imaj7’)
* Amaj7 (‘IVmaj7’)
* B (‘V’)

“`Borrowed chords: none in this particular section“`

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Similar Chord Progressions

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1. The Beatles – “Something”: The verses follow a similar structure with their usage of maj7 chords, albeit in a different key.

Chords: C (‘I’), Cmaj7 (‘Imaj7’), Am7 (‘vim7’), D7 (‘II7’)

2. Radiohead – “Paranoid Android”: Incorporates maj7 chords and progresses in a similar oscillating manner, but in a different key and with the addition of a minor iv chord.

Chords: C (‘I’), Cmaj7 (‘Imaj7’), G (‘V’), Fmaj7 (‘IVmaj7’), Fm (‘iv’)

Please note that the use of maj7 chords in the context of rock genre is a distinguishing feature. While not identical, these pieces showcases similar stylistic choices.

Musical Analysis

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This progression oscillates between E and E major 7th, marking a standard I-Imaj7 progression. Transition from Emaj7 to Amaj7 presents a smooth stepwise up movement in the bass(From E to G# to A), hence creating a light dissonance but resolves it in the next E chord. Concluding in the B chord intensifies a strong melodic pull back to the tonic.

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Overall Analysis

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The piece, ‘1979’ by The Smashing Pumpkins follows an overarching structure with a mix of major and minor chords, what stand out are the rich extended chords, ‘Emaj7’ and ‘Amaj7’. The piece displays a balance between tonic chords and dominant chords, expressing a classic pop-rock style whilst frequent usage of maj7 chords adding a distinctive jazziness to the tune.

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Style Analysis

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The Smashing Pumpkins are known for their innovative fusion of different genres. While ‘1979’ maintains a strong rock sensibility, it exhibits interesting incorporations of jazz elements, as evident in the inclusion of major 7th chords. Repeated use of the same chords underlies a characteristic feature of pop-rock genre – repetition and the use of catchy, addictive loops.

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Chords in the Chorus 2 section of 1979 by The Smashing Pumpkins are:

[‘E’, ‘Emaj7’, ‘Amaj7’, ‘E’, ‘Emaj7’, ‘Amaj7’, ‘E’, ‘Emaj7’, ‘Amaj7’, ‘B’]