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Related Music Theory Alchemy

David Bowie’s song, “Space Oddity,” is typically interpreted as being in the key of C Major. It’s an interesting song harmonically, featuring not just Primary Triads and Secondary Dominants but also uses Borrowed Chords, non-functional harmony, and chromatic chord changes. The kind of harmonic movement might be called Bowie’s deviation from the traditional harmonic patterns, which is part of what gives his music its characteristic ‘alien’ vibe. This progression has a more modal feeling due to the use of borrowed chords and the shifted tonal center.

The chord progression in the chorus of Tyler, The Creator’s “See You Again” exhibits a combination of diatonic and chromatic movements, with the use of borrowed chords and altered dominants that create tension and release. The song is in the key of F# major.

“Bullet With Butterfly Wings” by The Smashing Pumpkins is an alternative rock song released in 1995. The song is in the key of E minor and primarily uses power chords derived from the E minor scale throughout the song. Power chords or ‘5’ chords, like B5 or G5, don’t have a major or minor quality and are often used in rock music for their strong and neutral sound. The song also applies modal mixture (borrowing chords from parallel keys) for color and tension.

“Penny Lane,” written by the Beatles, utilizes key changes and borrowed chords to create an interesting and complex tonal palette. The song is best understood to primarily be in the key of A Major; however, it frequently borrows chords from the parallel minor key, uses unexpected dominant chords, and briefly modulates to other key areas for color and variety. This is characteristic of several Beatles songs, and it’s one of the ways they added complexity to their music while still remaining accessible.

David Bowie – Space Oddity – Chorus

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Chord Progression

[‘Fmaj7’, ‘Em’, ‘Fmaj7’, ‘Em’, ‘Bb’, ‘Am’, ‘G’, ‘F’]

Chord Progression Analysis

Here is the roman numeral analysis of the chorus:

“`
-Fmaj7 (IVmaj7)
-Em (iii)
-Fmaj7 (IVmaj7)
-Em (iii)
-Bb (bVII)
-Am (vi)
-G (V)
-F (IV)
“`

Similar Chord Progressions

The Beatles’ “Let It Be” also includes usage of the IVmaj7 chord, but it resolves to the tonic instead of using a modal interplay like in “Space Oddity”. The progression in “Let It Be” goes as follows:

“`
C (I)
G (V)
Am (vi)
Fmaj7 (IVmaj7)
C (I)
G (V)
F (IV)
C (I)
“`

The Rolling Stones’ “You Can’t Always Get What You Want” features a similar borrowed bVII chord (Bb in key of C), used in its chorus:

“`
C (I)
F (IV)
Bb (bVII)
C (I)
“`

Though these progressions have elements similar to “Space Oddity,” the uniqueness of Bowie’s craftsmanship and his combination of different techniques make his progression stand out.

Musical Analysis

This chord progression has numerous key features that highlight Bowie’s innovative songwriting. Firstly, the Fmaj7 (IVmaj7) to Em (iii) creates an interesting modal mixture that is further distinguished by his use of a major seventh chord. Secondly, the Bb (bVII) is a borrowed chord from C Mixolydian, a parallel mode which is often used to create tension or a ‘bluesy’ feel. This chord is then followed by a common vi-V-IV progression that helps to resolve the tension established earlier on.

Overall Analysis

The song “Space Oddity” by David Bowie features a complex and varied chord progression that incorporates elements of both traditional and experimental popular music. The song is in the key of C Major, and its progression is characterized by the use of modal interchange, or the borrowing of chords from parallel scales. This is indicative of Bowie’s varied musical influences, combining elements of folk, rock, and pop while also incorporating experimental techniques associated with progressive rock.

Style Analysis

“Space Oddity” contains stylistic elements characteristic of the contemporary folk and early art/progressive rock genres. The use of seventh chords, borrowed chords, and modal interchange are hallmarks of these genres and indicative of a departure from the simpler triadic harmonies of traditional pop music. The thoughtfully arranged chord progression helps to evoke the song’s themes of loneliness and introspection.

Chords in the Chorus section of Space Oddity by David Bowie are:

[‘Fmaj7’, ‘Em’, ‘Fmaj7’, ‘Em’, ‘Bb’, ‘Am’, ‘G’, ‘F’]